动态第443页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年12月03日

Mushrooms are defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as," Any of various fleshy fungi of the class Basidiomycota, characteristically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on a stalk." Wild mushrooms are nature's recyclers; they feed on fallen logs, grass trimmings and dead leaves. Types of wild mushrooms in Iowa include both edible and poisonous kinds; only mushrooms identified as safe by an authoritative source like the state of Missouri website should be consumed. [图片]The Common Ink Cap Search for the edible Common Ink Cap close to tree stumps in Iowa between April and September. The characteristic light gray cap measures up to 3 inches across and droops down around the stalk. Its official name comes from drawing ink produced by boiling the gills of mature inkcaps. Its unofficial name, "Tippler's Bane,' derives from the fact that it can only be safely eaten if no alcohol has been consumed within the last few days. When taken with alcoho,l it produces an exaggerated "hangover" effect. Try cooking Inkcaps by lightly sautéing in butter and seasoning with freshly-ground black pepper. The Fairy Ring Champignon After a couple of days of fall rain in Iowa, the small light brown caps of edible Fairy Ring Champignon mushrooms shoot up overnight and form circles on lawns, feeding on grass clippings. The appearance of Fairy Ring Champignon mushrooms is attributed to the activities of dancing fairies in folk legend, but science shows the spores or seeds spread out in a circular shape from the first mushroom, in a pattern that continues each year, sometimes for decades. To encourage rings to form, spread a light coating of sawdust in the desired location, since it's a favorite food of these mushrooms. The caps will dry nicely for future addition to soups and stews when threaded on a string and hung away from strong light in a well-ventilated location. The Morel Mushroom Wild Morel mushrooms are found in Iowa during April and May in damp areas, often near hardwood trees. Edible Morels grow up to 6 inches tall, with light yellow-brown and gray-brown caps closed over the stems. Great care must be taken to avoid the false Morel, with its reddish-brown color and open cap, when searching for the edible variety. Morels are great favorites with cooks, possessing a flavor described as nutty, meaty and creamy. To cook Morel mushrooms, try sautéing with butter and seasoning with a squeeze of fresh lemon juice. [图片]The Oyster Mushroom Edible Oyster mushrooms grow in fan-like layers on fallen logs, stumps and the trunks of living trees and are most common after rains during summer and fall. The caps are 2 to 8 inches wide, colors vary from white to dark beige and stalks are very short or nonexistent. They look, smell and taste like the shellfish, oysters, and can be served in a similar manner, lightly braised with seafood seasonings to accentuate that particular flavor.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月03日

The edible morel mushroom grows throughout the U.S. Rumors and old wives' tales suggest that the morel mushroom pops up overnight, due to the fast-pace at which these mushrooms emerge and reach mature heights. [图片]Growing Season Morel mushrooms have a short growing season that generally lasts only a month or less. This growing season occurs between early April and the middle of May, depending on the exact region. Specific Requirements Morels prefer damp habitats, shaded within the forest. They have trouble growing in too much or too little rainfall. Daytime temperatures that range in the 60s and 70s with nighttime temperatures no lower than 40 degrees also help to provide the best growing environment. [图片]Growth Patterns Morel spores with access to water and soil grow into cells within 10 to 12 days and mature into full-grown mushrooms with spongy caps after just 12 to 15 days, according to an article by Thomas J. Volk of the University of Wisconsin in La Crosse.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月03日

According to the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources more than 1,700 species of mushrooms grow in fields and wooded areas of the state. Six varieties of morels have been documented growing in deciduous forests throughout the state during a brief period between mid-April and mid-May. If you are planning to hunt morels, do you homework or hunt with a knowledgeable person to avoid collecting the poisonous conifer false morel. [图片]Canaan Valley Located in the northeastern portion of West Virginia, the Canaan Valley is a forested areas known to have morels. Since these mushrooms grow wild and tend to grow where annual conditions are optimal, there is no one area designated as morel country. Morels have been found by locals in many areas of the valley and some finds are concentrated around higher forest elevations near 3,000 feet after the snow pack has disappeared. Eastern Panhandle The Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia consists of the areas around Martinsburg. Morels have been found in rural forested areas north and east of town by local recreational morel hunters. Morels are also located in the forested regions that border the Maryland state line. [图片]Monongahela National Forest The Monongahela National Forest covers a 919,000-acre area in the central part of West Virginia. The Forest takes up parts of 10 West Virginia counties. The higher western elevations of the forest leading up to the highest point at 4,863-foot Spruce Knob, have been known to produce morels in the wet early spring months of mid-April through mid-May. Look for morels near trees that attract the fungi, such as elm and ash, two of the 75 types of trees found in the national forest. elm trees may be a safer bet since some of West Virginia's ash population has been killed and removed due to ash borer beetles. Monongahela National Forest 200 Sycamore St. Elkins, WV 26241 304-636-1800 fs.usda.gov

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

[图片]绯牡丹又有红灯、红牡丹等别名，它是仙人掌科、裸萼球属瑞云变种牡丹玉的斑锦变异品种。原产地为南美洲。绯牡丹色彩艳红，颇为醒目，是仙人球类植物的主栽品种之一。由于它的球体颜色四季依旧，因此摆放于阳台，在鲜有花开的冬季里，具有万绿丛中一点红的装饰效果。其由日本园艺家在1941年选育出来。 [图片]绯牡丹的观赏价值想到植物，人们的第一反应不外乎是美丽的、绿色的、多姿多彩的。一棵植物有多么的美丽，人们就有多喜欢它。绯牡丹是一种多肉植物，属于仙人掌科，就名字来说，“绯牡丹”真的很有韵味。当然，绯牡丹的外形也没有辜负它那优雅的名字。绯牡丹有着红色的球形外形，色彩鲜艳，光彩夺目，极为诱人。绯牡丹开花时也美不胜收，可以观花，但主要还是观球。总而言之，绯牡丹是一种具有很好的观赏价值的多肉。绯牡丹的园林价值一般人在种植多肉植物时，都会选择用小花盆养殖。绯牡丹可用作小型盆栽，安放在室内。用绯牡丹的盆栽点缀阳台、案头和书桌，是非常漂亮的一景。也可将绯牡丹与其他多浆植物配合组成盆景，景框或瓶景观赏，也是很好的景观。成片的绯牡丹鲜明艳丽，特别诱人，可以组成一幅非常特别画面，作为观赏植物，观赏价值极高。绯牡丹的药用价值绯牡丹具有很好的药用价值。绯牡丹的根皮含牡丹皮酚、丹皮甙，还含安息香酸及植物甾醇、生物碱等物质，这些都具有药用作用。目前已知，绯牡丹有降压、镇静、抗惊、解热、止痛、抗炎、抗菌等作用。绯牡丹味辛、苦，性微寒。有清血热、散淤血功能。绯牡丹可以治疗热入血分、发斑、惊痫、味衄、便血、经闭、症瘕、肠痈、疮疡和劳热骨蒸等症。用途广泛，可以说是一大宝物。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

[图片]雪松是松科雪松属植物。常绿乔木，树冠尖塔形，大枝平展，小枝略下垂。叶针形，长8－60厘米，质硬，灰绿色或银灰色，在长枝上散生，短枝上簇生。10-11月开花。球果翌年成熟，椭圆状卵形，熟时赤褐色。产于亚洲西部、喜马拉雅山西部和非洲，地中海沿岸，中国只有一种喜玛拉雅雪松，分布于西藏南部及印度和阿富汗。分布于阿富汗至印度，海拔1300-3300米地带，中国多地有栽培。 [图片]雪松的园林用途雪松是著名的庭园观赏树种。雪松的树体高大挺拔，树形优美，还能形成繁茂且雄壮的树冠，具有较好的观赏价值，再加上较强的防尘、减噪、杀菌能力，非常适合作为绿化树种，常用作孤植于草坪中央、广场中心、建筑物两旁、园门入口等地方。此外，也可以列植在园路两旁，形成甬道。雪松可用做建筑用材雪松木材质地轻软，具树脂，不容易受潮，是一种较优良的建筑用材。雪松有悠久的药用史，药用范围较广。雪松木含有极为丰富的精油，经蒸馏的方式可以提炼出芳香油。雪松油具有抗脂漏、防腐、杀菌、补虚、收敛、利尿、调经、祛痰、杀虫及镇静等医疗功效。其能够有效治疗头皮屑、缓解头皮发痒症状等；在治疗粉刺及油性皮疹方面也有一定的作用。此外，还能祛痰化痰，治疗支气管方面的症状。雪松在治疗关节炎及风湿等方面也有一定效果，滋补全身；也具有较好的舒缓作用，缓解精神紧张、焦虑、恐惧等情绪。可以将雪松和甜杏仁等基底油混合在一块，或滴入洗澡水中稀释，有助于缓解支气管炎、呼吸道问题、关节疼痛、肌肤出油及头皮屑等症状。将精油放于香薰炉或是喷雾器内，使其分布在空气中，利于滋养皮肤，对于治疗关节炎、支气管炎、风湿及呼吸道问题也有一定的效果。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

[图片]竹叶兰：草本植物。植株高40-80厘米，有时可达1米以上；地下根状茎常在连接茎基部处呈卵球形膨大，貌似假鳞茎，直径1-2厘米，具较多的纤维根。茎直立，常数个丛生或成片生长，圆柱形，细竹秆状，通常为叶鞘所包，具多枚叶。叶线状披针形，薄革质或坚纸质。花序通常长2-8厘米，总状或基部有1-2个分枝而成圆锥状，具2-10朵花；花粉红色或略带紫色或白色；花瓣椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，与萼片近等长。花果期为9-11月或1-4月。生于草坡、溪谷旁、灌丛下或林中，海拔400-2800米。分布于中国、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、琉球群岛和塔希提岛。此花有栽培，具有较高的园艺价值。 [图片]一.药用价值竹叶兰浑身都是宝，它的根茎以及整个植株都是可以入药的，味道有点苦，具有很多的功效，我们来具体的来了解一下吧！ 1.竹叶兰的根部可以直接药用，中药上面来说属于祛火的药，所以有很好的清解毒热的效果，同时还能治疗风湿痛和其他的疼痛。如果遇到小便不利的情况的话也能用竹叶兰的根部来治疗，会得到很显著的疗效。 2.生长在山谷中的竹叶兰，它是非常纯天然的止血良药，如果遇到被有毒的动物咬伤之后，可以快速的去寻找竹叶兰，把它揉搓烂掉之后涂抹在被咬伤的地方，就快速的消毒和止血，非常的神奇哦！ 3.竹叶兰对于肺部还有很好的治疗作用呢，不仅能清解肺部的毒气、化痰止咳，还能补充肺部营养、强健肾部的功能，竹叶兰能给肺部建造一层保护层，可以治疗肺热引起的咳嗽，有立竿见影的效果。 4.竹叶兰还可以治疗肝炎、胃痛、脚气水肿还有感冒等病症，如果遇到食物中毒的话，它也有催吐解毒的作用。二.观赏价值竹叶兰还有一个非常重要的作用当然就是观赏啦，生长成熟的竹叶兰能长到80厘米的高度，有一些还会更高呢，它的花朵是清幽的粉白色、淡紫色还有嫩红色的，非常好看，开花时间是从九月份开始的，竹叶兰开花之后能让人感觉到心旷神怡，淡淡的香气还能让人忘却烦恼和忧愁，使人的心情得到很大的改善。看了上面的介绍，大家是不是都心里痒痒的像养殖一盆呢？事实上，竹叶兰的生存能力和繁殖能力都是很强的，非常适合盆栽，大家可以放心大胆的尝试着养上一盆哦！

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

[图片]椴树，别名：火绳树、家鹤儿、金桐力树、桐麻、叶上果、叶上果根，为椴树科、椴树属的植物，是中国珍贵的重点保护植物。高20米；树皮灰色，直裂；小枝近秃净，顶芽无毛或有微毛，叶宽卵形，聚伞花序长，无柄，萼片长圆状披针形，果球形，花期7月。分布于北温带和亚热带。有经济、食用、医用等多种价值。毛芽椴是其变种。 [图片]经济价值椴树的花中有蜜腺，具有芳香的气味，是一种很好的蜜源树种。椴树的树枝和树皮可以用来制造绳索，人造棉和麻袋等，还可以用来做火药的导引索。而且椴树的花可用来提取芳香油。椴树的树干轻软质白，是一种十分优质的木材。椴树的纹理比较细腻，可以用来制作胶合板，木柜或是用来木刻等。也有些住在林区的人用来制作菜板。椴树的材质轻软细腻，一般不会变形。食用价值椴花蜜是一种十分名贵的蜂蜜，晶莹剔透，甘甜可口。椴花蜜结晶会变得雪白晶莹，风味独特，所以也被叫做白蜜。椴花蜜还有很好的药用价值，可以润肺止咳，补血止痛，增添食欲，在明清时期被当做皇家贡品。椴花茶在欧洲比较流行，是由晒干的椴花做成的，但是因为椴花采集起来比较的麻烦，所以被用来作为茶饮的数量很少，具有安神的功效。文化椴树是捷克国的果树。在日耳曼人心中，椴树被认为是爱情与幸运的女神费里娅，他们有在椴树下集会的文化传统。而且椴树还有“法院树”的美称，通是日耳曼人的村法院。椴树更被认为是一种女性的阴性植物。总之椴树被日耳曼人认为是一种神圣的植物。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

[图片]中华天胡荽原名铜钱草，多年生匍匐草本，直立部分高8-37厘米，除托叶、苞片、花柄无毛外，余均被疏或密而反曲的柔毛，毛白色或紫色，有时在叶背具紫色疣基的毛，茎节着土后易生须根。叶片薄，圆肾形，表面深绿色，背面淡绿色，掌状5-7浅裂；裂片阔卵形或近三角形，边缘有不规则的锐锯齿或钝齿，基部心形；叶柄长4-23厘米；托叶膜质，卵圆形或阔卵形。伞形花序单生于节上，腋生或与叶对生，花序梗通常长过叶柄；小伞形花序有花25-50，花柄长2-7毫米；小总苞片膜质，卵状披针形。花在蕾期草绿色，开放后白色；花瓣膜质，顶端短尖，有淡黄色至紫褐色的腺点。果实近圆形，基部心形或截形，两侧扁压，黄色或紫红色。花果期5-11月。 [图片]产中国湖南、四川、云南。生长在河沟边及阴湿的路旁草地；海拔1060-2900米。模式标本采自云南蒙自。全草入药，镇痛、清热、利湿，治腹痛、小便不利、湿疹等。铜钱草的观赏价值铜钱草，叶圆形盾状，如一枚铜钱，具长柄、波浪缘，夏秋开小小的黄绿色花，叶色青翠，十分耐看。最重要的是铜钱草的生命力很旺盛，水陆均可生长，放在家中土培一盆，水盆一盆，栽培起来也很简单，是深受人们喜爱的花草之一。铜钱草的绿化作用铜钱草的茎节明显，一节一节，每一节各长一枚叶，可一直延伸。地下的横茎生长力也是很惊人的，走到哪里就可以蔓延到哪，是一种既美观有容易养活的水生植物之一。铜钱草对谁知的要求并不高，可在硬度较低的淡水中进行栽培。在温暖地区可露地盆栽，适於水盘、水族箱、水池、湿地中，室内水体绿化。当水族箱栽培时，常作为前景草使用。铜钱草的药用食用价值铜钱草的全草可入药，具有清热除湿，解毒利尿的功效。对治疗湿热黄疸，中暑腹泻，砂淋血淋，痈肿疮毒，跌扑损伤，有很好的作用。当然根茎叶可以当蔬菜料理，亦可当中药材来袪风、固肠、明目清暑等。

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

The forests of North America are full of delicious fungi growing on the sides of trees. They can be boiled or stir fried and go well with Western and Asian cooking. However, look-a-likes exist that closely resemble edible fungus, yet are poisonous. It is critical for fungus collectors to know which kinds of fungus are safe to eat and which to avoid. [图片]Oyster Mushroom During spring, summer, fall and even during warm winter periods, the oyster mushroom grows in large clumps on the sides of trees. The mushroom is around 2 to 8 inches wide and is white, tan or off-white-colored. It has white gills under its wide cap that run down a short stem to the bark of the tree. This mushroom has a few look-a-likes, but they are not poisonous, only unpleasant. Check the reference below for a sample picture of the fungus. Sulfur Shelf The sulfur shelf fungus is easy to spot by its bright orange top and sulfur-yellow pores under the cap. Some are peach or salmon colored instead of bright orange. This fungus is also known as chicken mushroom and chicken of the woods. The caps range in size from 2 to 12 inches wide. The reference below contains reference pictures of this fungus. The fungus grows from summer to fall on living and dead trees. There are no close look-a-likes for this fungus. However, be careful as this mushroom can cause a mild allergic reaction in some people in the form of swollen lips. This mushroom has the texture and taste of chicken when cooked. [图片]Wood Ear Fungus This is a famous edible fungus that also goes by the names of cloud ear mushroom and ear of Judas mushroom. The wood ear fungus is pale off-white color or black and jelly-like in texture. It grows on the sides of trees. and can be dehydrated and re-hydrated for cooking. This fungus is often an ingredient in Chinese and other Asian dishes. Photos appear in the reference for wood ear.

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Miss Chen

2017年12月02日

Mushroom growing is a unique type of gardening. Mushrooms are really the fruit of a fungus that is grown from spores, or "mycelium," a mat of developing spores. Mycelium is also called mushroom "spawn." Ordinary soil does not provide the right kind of nutrients for growing mushrooms. Instead, other materials such as straw, sawdust, wood chips and compost are used as growing medium, called a "substrate." Different types of mushrooms require different kinds of substrate. [图片]Wood Chips According to the University of California at Davis, wood chips can be used as the soil medium for those mushrooms that grow well on wood substrates. Mushrooms that grow in woody materials include oyster, shiitake, reishi, maitake and lion's mane mushrooms. You can purchase pre-sterilized wood chips ready for culturing the mushroom spawn. Compost Compost is a substrate that requires the most time to prepare, but it makes an effective soil-substitute for growing mushrooms. Compost is a mixture of yard waste, like leaves, grass clippings, weeds and branches, with kitchen waste like coffee grounds, vegetable scraps, eggshells and shells. This matter is kept moist and warm until it deteriorates into a rich, loamy soil-like material. You can make your own compost in a small enclosure in your yard in two to four months, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. White button mushrooms prefer compost as substrate. Straw Straw can also be use as the substrate soil-substitute for growing mushrooms. According to Shroomery, cut wheat or barley straw into 2 to 4 inch pieces and pasteurized by putting it into 150-degree F water for 1 hour, then removed and allowed to drain. It is then cooled to room temperature. It is then placed in a bag with the mushroom mycelium, punctured several times and allowed to grow. Once the mycelium spreads on the surface, the bag is opened and the mushrooms are exposed to the air. [图片]Horse Manure Horse manure grows mushrooms easily if composted well and mixed with straw. You can then place the mushroom spawn on the surface of the manure compost and rub it into the surface. A bit of lime will help the mushrooms grow. Do not water the manure compost for four weeks, as there is sufficient moisture in the compost, according to CountryFarm Lifestyle. You can purchase sterilized and composted horse manure for your mushroom substrate. Potting Soil You can also use ordinary potting soil to grow mushrooms, but you must add additional organic material for the mushroom spawn to eat. Coffee beans, cut in half and soaked in water for five minutes, then placed on the soil gives the potting soil more structure and nutrients for growing mushrooms. Adding vermiculite will give the soil additional body to hold the spawn.

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