动态第446页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

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Picking hundreds of pounds of superbly flavored morels in Oregon is a mushroom lover's delight, since the season is long due to very cool summers and mountainous regions. These gourmet mushrooms thrive under the leaves in Oregon fir and pine forests and near wetlands, and are the first to pop in springtime just after the snow has melted. [图片]Morels grow in forests of pine and hardwoods. Gorgeous mountain ranges in Oregon are choice locations for hunting morels. Be sure to check out forested elevations of the Cascade, Blue, and Klamath mountain ranges in the 4,000-to-5,000-foot levels, since these elevations host temperatures that are ideal for morels. Season Hunt for morel mushrooms in Oregon starting in April even if the temps seem a bit chilly because they are first among mushrooms to erupt above the blanket of leaves. Oregon summers in 5,000-foot elevations can sink to temperatures in the 40s Fahrenheit and below, providing for a very long season of morel hunting into August. [图片]After Forest Fire Burned areas in Oregon's pine or hardwood forests are prime areas to start hunting for morels in April, states an article by Ian Gibson of the South Vancouver Island Mycological Society. Make note of forest fires that occur from September through November in Oregon, since morel populations are higher in areas where charcoal residues are found.

2017年11月30日

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Pine trees and their fallen needles create an acidic soil environment hostile to many plants and fungi. There are, however, several types of mushrooms that not only tolerate the soil beneath pine trees but thrive in such a location. Mushrooms associated with pine trees include edibles, such as the prized king bolete and matsutake mushrooms, as well as poisonous mushrooms, like the death cap. [图片]King Bolete The king bolete, or Boletus edulis, is a European bolete mushroom associated with spruce and pine trees. This very large mushroom has a swollen, meaty stem and a smooth, brown cap with a tacky surface. According to Michael Kuo, author of "Morels" and "100 Edible Mushrooms," scientists debate whether North American examples of the king bolete are actually the same as the species found in Europe. However, regardless of classification, this pine-loving mushroom is prized for its nutty, slightly bitter flavor and works well in soups. American Matsutake A relative of the prized Japanese matsutake mushroom, American matsutake, or Tricholoma magnivelare, is a white to brownish mushroom with a partial veil on the stem. It has a distinctive spicy odor and a complex flavor. This mushroom is often found under jack pine trees in the American northeast. Hedgehog Mushroom Also called by its scientific name, Hydnum repandum, the hedgehog mushroom is an orange to tan fungus that grows near conifers. Its name comes from the distinctive spines on the underside of its cap. Except for these spines, it closely resembles the also-edible chanterelle mushroom. Hedgehog mushrooms taste similar to chantarelles, but are usually milder. Old specimens may have a bitter flavor. [图片]Death Cap This large, white toadstool is one of the most dangerous mushrooms in North America, not only for its poisonous nature but for its resemblance to edible field mushrooms. This fungus is mostly associated with European species of oak, but does grow under several types of pine tree, as well. Death cap mushrooms have a distinctive sack-like volva around their bases and a white ring under the cap.

2017年11月30日

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[图片]茶梅是山茶科、山茶属小乔木，嫩枝有毛。叶革质，椭圆形，上面发亮，下面褐绿色，网脉不显著；边缘有细锯齿，叶柄稍被残毛。花大小不一，苞片及萼片被柔毛；花瓣阔倒卵形，雄蕊离生，子房被茸毛，蒴果球形，种子褐色，无毛。分布于日本，多栽培，中国有栽培品种。该种叶似茶，花如梅而得名。茶梅，体态秀丽、叶形雅致、花色艳丽、花期长（自11月初开至翌年3 月），树型娇小、枝条开放、分枝低、易修剪造型，适宜盆栽、庭院、阳台、宾馆等理想的盆栽名花。 [图片]茶梅的花语红色茶梅的花语是清雅、谦让。白色茶梅的花语是理想的爱。茶梅的植物文化茶梅自古是中国的传统名花，栽培历史悠久，自宋代始，茶梅已普遍栽培。南宋陈景沂《全芳备祖》记载：“浅为玉茗深都胜，大日山茶小海红，名誉漫多朋援少，年年身在雪霜中。”所述的“海红”即指茶梅。同时还出现了描写茶梅的诗词，宋代刘仕亨《咏茶梅花》写了茶梅优雅的形象和超逸的气韵：”小院犹寒未暖时，海红花发暮迟迟，半深半浅东风里，好是徐熙带雪枝。” 明代画家陈道复《茶梅》写了茶梅的小巧玲珑：“花开春雪中，态较山茶小。老圃谓茶梅，命名亦端好。” 明代高濂《梅花令·茶梅》不仅写了茶梅花的淡粉、微红色，而且写了花形与梅花相似：“花却是，与梅浑”。明代张谦德《瓶花谱》将茶梅列为“六品四命”。茶梅的园艺价值茶梅作为一种优良的花灌木，在园林绿化中有着广阔的发展前景。茶梅的树形优美，花叶茂盛，可以孤植于庭院和草坪中，对于一些比较低矮的品种，可以和其他的灌木一起搭配，栽种在花坛或作配景材料。茶梅姿态丰盈，着花量多，适宜修剪，亦可作基础种植及常绿篱垣材料，开花时可为花篱，落花后又可为绿篱。还可利用自然丘陵地，在有一定庇荫的疏林中建立茶梅专类园，既可充分显示其特色，又能较好地保存种质资源。茶梅也可盆栽，摆放于书房、会场、厅堂、门边、窗台等处，倍添雅趣和异彩。

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[图片]飘香藤是一种新型藤本植物，又称红皱藤、双腺藤、双喜藤、文藤、红蝉花，原产美洲热带，为夹竹桃科多年生常绿植物。飘香藤的缠绕茎柔软而有韧性，顺着支架盘旋而上，粉红似喇叭的花儿大而直挺，花茎能达到6~8厘米。飘香藤喜欢温暖湿润的环境，但分枝性不好。飘香藤在开花期间，往往呈现花多于叶的盛况，微风袭来，阵阵扑鼻的清香使人心旷神怡，因此就有了“飘香藤”的雅名。 [图片]观赏供人观赏是飘香藤的重要作用。它的花朵美丽，经常能开的很茂盛，出现花多于叶的盛况。飘香藤具有很高的观赏价值。飘香藤可以在室外栽培。室外栽培时，可用于篱垣、棚架、天台、小型庭院美化，能起到美化环境和供人观赏的作用，增添几分亮丽和新意。但要注意室外栽培注意栽植场地，不要选择低洼地带，以免积水。飘香藤也可以作室内盆栽。飘香藤其实蔓生性不强，比较适合做小型盆栽，置于阳台、窗台、走廊、台阶等处装饰家居。还可以将飘香藤做成球形或吊盆悬挂起来，也是十分的别致，能够使家居充满异国情调。在室内摆放飘香藤时不但能美化室内环境，也能让室内充满香气。净化飘香藤能净化空气，这一点也是十分的重要。将飘香藤置于室内，能吸收空气中的苯和甲醛等有害物质，以及空气中的一些灰尘，能让人们的室内环境更加纯净。而室外的飘香藤，对空气中的二氧化硫和其他有毒成分都有一定的吸附作用，对净化环境作用比较明显。其他飘香藤可以提取精油。飘香藤开花时香气四溢，十分浓郁，它的花朵中有大量的天然挥发油，可以提取出天然的精油。花朵的精油对人们来说有诸多的好处。能提神醒脑和调节情绪。

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[图片]黄刺玫，落叶灌木。小枝褐色或褐红色，具刺。奇数羽状复叶，小叶常7枚-13枚，近圆形或椭圆形，边缘有锯齿；托叶小，下部与叶柄连生，先端分裂成披针形裂片，边缘有腺体，近全缘。花黄色，单瓣或兰重瓣，无苞片。花期5月-6月。果球形，红黄色。果期7月-8月。辽宁省阜新市市花。晋南俗称“马茹子”。 [图片]观赏黄刺玫是在北方经常应用的观赏植物。它在每年五六月份中开花，黄色的花朵，颜色清新，花香诱人，并在8月结果，果实可以食用。黄刺玫开得好看，所以供人观赏是黄刺玫最大的价值之一。绿化黄刺玫是一种良好的绿化植物，在园林绿化中会起到很大的作用。因为黄刺玫对水土流失有很强的预防能力，减少水土流失，防止土壤沙化，作为环保的绿色植物，黄刺玫真的拥有很强的作用。另外黄刺玫还是中国最重要的园林植物之一，在国内多个园林景区中都能看到黄刺玫的身影，它美丽诱人的身姿吸引了无数花卉爱好者的目光。其他黄刺玫的果实是一种可以食用的果类食材。黄刺玫的果实中有大量的水分，多种维生素以及人类身体所必须的微量元素，营养价值丰富。还有，黄刺玫的果实酸甜可口，味道好。黄刺玫的果实除了可以直接食用以外，还可以制成果酱用，用黄刺玫制成的果酱可以存放一年左右，存储时间长。黄刺玫的花朵可以提取出大量的芳香油，这种芳香油喷洒在室内有净化空气，和去除异味的作用，另外它的花和果实也可以入药，能治疗人类的多种疾病。它最大的药用价值就是理气活血和调经补脾，特别适合脾胃不和以及月经不调的人群食用。

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[图片]苏铁。俗称：铁树，别名：辟火蕉、凤尾蕉、凤尾松、凤尾草，苏铁科、苏铁属，一说是因其木质密度大，入水即沉，沉重如铁而得名；另一说因其生长需要大量铁元素，故而名之。又名凤尾蕉、避火蕉、凤尾松，多种植在南方，现广泛分布于中国、日本、菲律宾和印度尼西亚等国家。苏铁最为出名的是其开花，被称之为“铁树开花”。苏铁为优美的观赏树种，栽培极为普遍，茎内含淀粉，可供食用；种子含油和丰富的淀粉，微有毒，供食用和药用，有治痢疾、止咳和止血之效。 [图片]苏铁的观赏价值苏铁为著名的观赏树种，其寿命长且外形优美大方，具有古雅的树形，粗壮的主干，坚硬如铁，展现出一种韧性而强大的生命力。此外，苏铁的羽叶洁滑而光亮，四季常青，用于美化环境有较好的效果。我国南方地区多将其栽植于庭前阶旁或是草坪内，北方则适合用作大型盆栽，用以布置装饰庭院屋廊和厅室，极为美观。苏铁的药用价值苏铁叶子、花、种子、根皆可入药，可以说是一种全身皆为宝的植物。苏铁叶子可以全年采摘，主要含有糖类和氨基酸，主治功能为清热、止血、散瘀等，对于跌打肿痛、尿血、胃痛等方面也有一定的作用。苏铁的花则主要可以用于治疗理气止痛，益肾固精等。苏铁种子可用于平肝，降血压。用于高血压。苏铁种子可用于平肝，降血压。苏铁的根主要可以用于治疗肺结核咯血，牙痛，腰痛，肾虚，跌打损伤等。总体上来说，苏铁是一种具多种药用价值的植物。苏铁的食用价值铁树茎内含有淀粉，可以食用。铁树叶中含有丰富的氨基酸和糖分，可为人体提供充足的营养成分。通常情况下，食用铁树叶是不会对人体造成副作用的，但是孕妇是不能食用的，否则有可能影响胎儿和母体的健康。

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[图片]红叶石楠是蔷薇科石楠属杂交种的统称，为常绿小乔木，叶革质，长椭圆形至倒卵披针形，春季新叶红艳，夏季转绿，秋、冬、春三季呈现红色，霜重色逾浓，低温色更佳。做行道树，其杆立如火把；做绿篱，其状卧如火龙；修剪造景，形状可千姿百态，景观效果美丽。红叶石楠因其新梢和嫩叶鲜红而得名。常见的有红罗宾和红唇两个品种，其中红罗宾的叶色鲜艳夺目，观赏性更佳。春秋两季，红叶石楠的新梢和嫩叶火红，色彩艳丽持久，极具生机。在夏季高温时节，叶片转为亮绿色，给人清新凉爽之感觉。红叶石楠因其鲜红色的新梢和嫩叶而得名，其栽培变种很多。 [图片]红叶石楠的景观价值叶红叶石楠的叶子是一种颜色十分艳丽的叶片，呈现鲜红色，像熊熊火焰一样燃烧，万绿丛中一点红正是对这种形式的真实写照。果红叶石楠的颜色变化十分多变，或绿叶红果或红叶红果相同，各有一番姿色，能够极好的满足人们对于欣赏的要求。树形红叶石楠的树冠基本就是呈现一个球形生长，而且红叶石楠枝繁叶茂，繁殖能力比较强，而且还能够修剪出多种多样的形状，像高干球形、球形。隔离红叶石楠的隔离效果比较好，将红叶石楠种植在需要隔离的地方，就会营造一种良好的隔离效果。红叶石楠的经济价值桐油桐油在工业上有着十分广泛的用途，经常用于制造人造皮革、塑料、人造橡胶等，还会用于油布、油纸、油墨的制作，在其他方面还会用于杀虫剂。红叶石楠的综合价值红木石楠的木材可以制作家具，红叶石楠的树皮可以制作栲胶，红叶石楠的果壳可以制作活性炭、桐碱，桐枯是一种农业肥料，所以又是一种有机肥料能源树种。

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Morel mushrooms belong to the Morchella genus, which contains at least six species. Cooks highly prize these mushrooms for their delicate, earthy flavor, especially in French cuisine. Morel mushrooms are difficult to grow on a large scale, so mushroom hunters meet commercial needs by harvesting wild morel mushrooms. Private gardeners also grow morel mushrooms indoors, although these mushrooms are slow to produce the fruiting bodies commonly known as caps. [图片]Step 1 Punch drainage holes in the bottom of a shallow metal tray such as a cake pan to use as a fruiting tray. Clean the tray with a 5 percent solution of bleach to sterilize the pan. Step 2 Prepare a substrate containing 50 percent organic compost, 30 percent potting soil and 20 percent sand. Add enough powdered limestone to this mixture to raise the soil pH to 7.2. Fill the trays to a depth of 2 inches with the substrate. Step 3 Soak the substrate with water and allow it to drain completely. Add the morel mushroom spawn to the substrate according to the manufacturer's instructions. Step 4 Place the fruiting tray indoors in a temperature-controlled growing room with no light. Maintain a temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit with at least 90 percent humidity. Hard lumps of mycelium known as schlerotia should form on the surface of the substrate in four to six weeks. [图片]Step 5 Refrigerate the fruiting tray at 39 degrees Fahrenheit for two weeks. Slowly add 2 oz. of water to the fruiting tray for every square foot of the tray's surface area. Allow the water to drain from the fruiting tray for a full day. Step 6 Place the fruiting tray back in the growing room. Keep the relative humidity of the room above 90 percent and maintain it at a temperature of about 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Use grow lights to provide 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. The stalks of the morel mushrooms should appear within one week. Harvest the mushroom caps as they grow.

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Morels are highly prized among mushroom hunters. Their emergence is influenced by soil temperatures. Taking the soil temperature in an area where morels are known to grow is an effective way to gauge when they may appear. [图片]Morel Growth and Emergence When soil temperatures are ideal, the body of the morel begins to fruit as a tiny knot on an underground network of mycelium, a complex of long, thread-like fungi cells. The knot rapidly enlarges until it becomes a tiny club that pushes its way to the soil surface. Ideal Temperatures Morels grown under controlled conditions for commercial purposes fruit when the soil reaches a consistent temperature of approximately 53 degrees F. Wild morels also appear under these conditions. Taking Soil Temperature Use a probe-type digital thermometer to take soil temperatures. Take the temperature daily and be consistent. Take it in the same spot, at the same time and at the same depth (preferably 2 to 6 inches). [图片]Effects of Temperature Fluctuations Many factors can influence the soil temperature, including the amount of leaf litter or debris on the ground, the amount of sunlight, rain and air temperature. When weather conditions cause the soil temperature to increase rapidly, morels will appear suddenly. If soil temperature warms slowly, morels take longer to develop.