动态第825页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年09月03日

Trees can be injured by winter weather. This is especially true for needled trees since the needles stay on the trees all winter. If you have arborvitae in your yard and you live in a cold climate, you have probably seen that they occasionally suffer winter damage. Read on for information about winter injury on arborvitae bushes.[图片]Winter Damage to Arborvitae Winter injury on arborvitae bushes is not uncommon. Desiccation, or drying out, is one important cause of winter damage to arborvitae. The arborvitae dry out when the needles lose water faster than they can take it up. Arborvitae needles transpire moisture even in winter, and uptake water from the ground to replace the lost moisture. When the ground freezes below the root system, it cuts off the water supply.[图片]Why are My Arborvitae Turning Brown? Desiccation can lead to arborvitae winter burn. If the foliage is buried under snow, it is protected. But unprotected needles will suffer from winter burn, which turns them brown, gold or even white, particularly on the south, southwest, and windward sides of plants. The actual discoloration, however, can be caused by a number of factors in addition to desiccation and can be fairly dramatic. These include: strong wind bright sun deep, hard frost biting cold salt used on sidewalks and roadways If the winter burn is severe, the entire arborvitae may brown and die. You may notice symptoms as the damage is occurring, but often the burn damage looks even worse later, as temperatures rise in early spring. It’s best not to make any rapid decisions about whether or not you can save the tree. Simply wait for spring and you can easily tell whether the arborvitae is alive.[图片]Arborvitae Winter Care You can prevent desiccation by watering the ground thoroughly all through the growing season, right up through autumn. Give the shrubs more water on warm days during the winter. Arborvitae winter care also includes a thick layer of mulch to protect roots. Use up to 4 inches. In addition to mulch, you may need to wrap evergreens in burlap or other material for winter protection if your winters are particularly severe. If you do, don’t wrap too tight or cover the plants too completely. Be sure to give the trees room to breathe and exposure to natural light.

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2017年09月03日

Alder trees (Alnus spp.) are often used in reforestation projects and to stabilize soil in wet areas, but you seldom see them in residential landscapes. Nurseries that cater to home gardeners rarely offer them for sale, but when you can find them, these handsome plants make excellent shade trees and screening shrubs. Alders have several distinctive features that keep them interesting throughout the year.[图片]Alder Tree Identification The easiest way of recognizing an alder tree is by its distinctive little fruiting body, called a strobile. They appear in fall and look like 1-inch long cones. Strobiles remain on the tree until the following spring, and the small, nutlike seeds they contain supply winter food for birds and small mammals. The female flowers on an alder tree stand upright at the ends of the twigs, while the male catkins are longer and hang down. The catkins persist into winter. Once the leaves are gone, they add subtle grace and beauty to the tree, softening the appearance of the bare branches. Leaves provide another method of alder tree identification. The egg-shaped leaves have serrated edges and distinct veins. A central vein runs down the center of the leaf and a series of side veins run from the central vein to the outer edge, angled toward the leaf tip. The foliage remains green until it drops from the tree in fall.[图片]Additional Information About Alder Trees The different types of alder trees include tall trees with single trunks and much shorter, multi-stemmed specimens that can be grown as shrubs. Tree types grow 40 to 80 feet tall and include the red and white alders. You can distinguish these two trees by their leaves. The leaves on a red alder are tightly rolled under along the edges, while those on a white alder are more flat. Sitka and thinleaf alders reach heights of no more than 25 feet. They can be grown as large shrubs or small trees. Both have multiple stems arising from the roots and you can tell them apart by their leaves. Sitkas have very fine serations along the edges of the leaves, while thinleaf alders have coarse teeth.[图片]Alder trees can extract and use nitrogen from the air in the same way that legumes, such as beans and peas, do. Since they don’t need nitrogen fertilizer, they are ideal for areas that aren’t regularly maintained. Alders are well-suited to wet sites, but abundant moisture isn’t necessary for their survival, and they can also thrive in areas that experience occasional mild to moderate drought.

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2017年09月03日

Black alder trees (Alnus glutinosa) are fast-growing, water-loving, highly adaptable, deciduous trees that hail from Europe. These trees have many uses in the home landscape and a number of qualities that make them highly attractive. Read on to learn more.[图片]Black Alder Tree Info There are many black alder facts that should be of interest to homeowners and landscapers. They grow to 50’ tall and have a pyramidal shape. They can take waterlogged soils and somewhat dry conditions. They have appealing glossy leaves. Their smooth grey bark is especially attractive in winter when it stands out against the snow. There are many uses for black alder trees. The trees have the ability to fix nitrogen from the air and increase soil fertility through their root nodules. Alder trees are valuable in landscape restoration projects where the soil is degraded. Black alders in the landscape are terrific habitat trees. They provide food for butterflies, mice, turtles, birds and deer.[图片]Planting Black Alder in the Landscape So where do black alder trees grow? They grow especially well in moist soils, by waterways and in boggy woodlands in the Midwest and on the East Coast. But be careful when you put black alder in the landscape. The trees spread readily and are considered invasive in some states. Be sure to check with your local nursery or university extension before you plant black alder in the landscape. They are so vigorous that their aggressive roots can lift sidewalks and invade sewer lines.

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2017年09月03日

What is annatto? If you haven’t read up on annatto achiote information, you may not know about the small ornamental called annatto or lipstick plant. It’s a tropical plant with very unusual fruit that is used for food dye. Read on for tips on how to grow an achiote tree and more.[图片]What is Annatto? Before you start growing achiote trees, you’ll want to learn a little bit about the fascinating annatto plant. So exactly what is annatto? The tree is native to South America. The scientific name of this small tree is Bixa orellana, while the common name is lipstick plant. Both annatto and achiote are terms used in the Caribbean to refer to the tree’s unusual seeds or the plant itself.[图片]Annatto Achiote Information The lipstick tree grows to 12 feet (3.6 m.) tall. It is an evergreen with a rounded canopy of green leaves. It graces your garden with its vivid pink flowers. Each of the ornamental flowers has five sepals and five petals. Over time, the flowers wilt and seeds develop. They grow in scarlet heart-shaped capsules or pods that look a little like chestnut burs, with many spikey bristles. These capsules split open when they are ripe. The seeds are inside in a layer of orange pulp. The seeds contain bixin, a bright red carotenoid pigment. The lipstick-red color is what gives the tree its common name. The seeds were once used to dye clothing, but these days serve mostly as a coloring for foods.[图片]How to Grow an Anchiote Tree If you are interested in learning how to grow an anchiote tree, first check your hardiness zone. These trees can only be grown in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 10 through 12. Site is also very important. To have the best chance growing achiote trees, plant seeds or seedlings in a spot with full sun. Care of achiote trees is minimized if you select a site with organically rich, well-drained soil. Provide the trees regular irrigation to keep the soil moist.[图片]Other than irrigation and appropriate siting, care of achiote trees doesn’t require great effort. The lipstick plant does not have any insect or disease problems. These plants grow well as specimens. But you can also plant them in groupings or hedges.

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2017年09月03日

The Salicaceae family is a large group containing many different types of willow, from the large weeping willow to smaller varieties like the flamingo Japanese willow tree, also known as the dappled willow tree. So what is a flamingo willow and how do you take care of dappled Japanese willow tree? Read on to learn more.[图片]What is a Flamingo Willow? The flamingo willow tree or shrub is a popular Salicaceae varietal grown for its stunning variegated foliage. Growing dappled willow trees have leaves that are light green mottled with white in the spring and summer and the “flamingo” inspired new growth of deep pink color. In the fall and winter, the tree really stands out with bright red stems showcasing the unique foliage, which will eventually yellow and drop off. Dappled Japanese willow tree blooms with yellow catkins in the early spring. Depending upon which rootstock you purchase, flamingo willows (Salix integra) may be either a tree or shrub. ‘Standard’ rootstock develops into a tree that will attain heights of about 15 feet tall and as wide. When it is sold as a shrub, it must be pruned to maintain the starburst shape and reign in its growth to between 4 and 6 feet.[图片]Care of Dappled Japanese Willow Tree This non-native deciduous tree is suitable for USDA hardiness zones between 4 and 7. It is a non-invasive plant that is well suited to most gardens due to its relatively manageable size. Flamingo Japanese willow is a rapid grower. The tree can be kept down in size by pruning during the spring months, which does not phase the plant, and in fact, promotes summer leaf color and winter twig color.[图片]Dappled Japanese willow tree can be grown in a range of conditions. It is tolerant of sun to shade lighting exposures, although full sun will allow it to develop a pinker variegation. This willow will also do well in a variety of soils including moist soil, but not standing water. Because this tree does do well in damp soil, be sure to water deeply. This colorful addition to the garden adds year-round interest to the landscape and is virtually pest free.

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2017年09月03日

Willow trees need special pruning that begins while the tree is young. Proper pruning helps establish a graceful growth pattern and prevents damage as the tree grows. Let’s find out how to prune a willow tree.[图片]Willow Tree Pruning Willow trees are more durable and have a better shape if you do most of the pruning and shaping while the tree is young. Pruning willow trees properly while they are young and easier to prune means you probably won’t have to make major changes in the tree’s structure when it is older and more difficult to prune. Willow trees bleed sap if you prune them while they are actively growing, so the best time for willow tree pruning is in winter while the tree is dormant. Make sure you have the right tools for the job before you begin. Hand pruners are the tool of choice for small twigs and thin, whip-like stems that are no more than one-half inch in diameter. For stems up to 1 1/2 inches in diameter, use long-handled loppers. The longer handles give better leverage for cleaner cuts. Use a saw for anything larger.[图片]Shaping a Young Tree When trimming a willow tree sapling, the goal is to develop a strong central leader, which will later become the trunk of the tree. You also want to remove branches that are too close together as well as weak branches that are likely to break when they mature and become heavy. Here are the steps in shaping a willow tree: Remove any damaged or broken branches. Make the cuts where the branch attaches to the trunk. Choose a tall, upright stem at the top of the tree as a central leader, and remove competing stems. Remove branches that grow up instead of out. A narrow crotch angle between the branch and the trunk makes it likely that the branch will break as the tree grows and the branch becomes heavy. Remove crowded branches. The result should be branches that are evenly spaced around the tree. Remove the branches from the lower part of the tree when the trunk reaches a diameter of 2 inches.[图片]Pruning a Mature Tree Mature willow trees don’t need a lot of pruning. The tree will heal faster with fewer disease problems if you remove broken branches and those that rub against each other. If you shorten the branches, always cut just beyond a leaf bud or twig. Don’t allow branches to grow on the lower part of the tree. If you catch new growth soon enough, you can stop it by pinching it off or rubbing it with your fingers. Willow trees grow quickly, and this makes them susceptible to wind breakage. Maintaining a little space between branches allows good air circulation and reduces the amount of breakage. Remove suckers arising directly from the ground by cutting them off at ground level or below. Suckers drain energy from the tree because they grow very quickly.[图片]Can You Prune a Willow Tree to Shorten Weeping Branches? Weeping willow trees develop long branches—sometimes long enough to reach the ground. While this gives the tree a graceful shape, it may not be practical in the landscape. The long branches can become an obstruction to foot traffic and make landscape maintenance more difficult than it has to be. You can shorten them to any length as long as you cut just below a leaf bud.

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2017年09月03日

Also known as curly willow or tortured willow, corkscrew willow (Salix matsudana ‘Tortusa’) is easy to identify by its long, graceful leaves and curly, contorted branches, which become especially noticeable during the winter. Unfortunately, although corkscrew willow is a fast-growing tree, it isn’t long lived and tends to be susceptible to breakage and insect problems. In spite of its downfalls, growing a curly willow tree is a worthy endeavor, and with proper care, you’ll enjoy this fascinating tree for several years. Keep reading and learn more about how to grow corkscrew willow trees.[图片]Curly Willow Growing Conditions Before growing this tree, you should know where to plant curly willow. Corkscrew willow is suitable for growing in USDA plant hardiness zones 4 through 8. The tree develops a short root system that remains near the surface of the soil, so it should be planted a safe distance from buildings, driveways, sidewalks and sewer lines. Plant curly willow anytime during spring or summer. Curly willow isn’t fussy about soil and adapts to clay, loam or sand. Similarly, it tolerates either sun or partial shade. However, ideal conditions for this tree are well-drained, moist soil and full sunlight.[图片]Corkscrew Willow Care For the most part, corkscrew willow care is minimal, but the tree likes moisture. Water regularly during the first year, then water generously during periods of hot, dry weather. A 2- to 3-inch layer of mulch will help keep the soil moist, helps keep weeds in check, and protect the trunk from damage by weed trimmers and lawnmowers. However, leave a few inches of bare ground around the base of the tree, as mulch that piles up against the trunk can attract a variety of pests. Corkscrew willow generally requires no fertilizer, but if growth appears weak, you can apply a cup of balanced dry fertilizer around the tree every spring, then water deeply. If your tree is near a fertilized lawn, it probably already receives adequate nutrients.[图片]Prune corkscrew willow regularly to allow air and sunlight to enter the center of the tree, as a healthier tree free of damaged or dead branches is less prone to insect damage. However, problems to watch for include pests such as aphids, borers, gypsy moths and willow beetles. The tree is relatively disease-resistant, although it is susceptible to powdery mildew and leaf spot. The diseases tend to be relatively mild and usually don’t require treatment.

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2017年09月03日

Willow trees (Salix spp.) are fast-growing beauties that make attractive, graceful ornamentals in a big backyard. In the wild, willows often grow by lakes, rivers or other bodies of water. Although willows are not sickly trees, a few diseases and pest infestations do attack and cause willow tree problems. If willow tree bark is falling off, you may need to take action.[图片]Common Willow Tree Problems Willows are not picky trees and most thrive in almost any kind of soil as long as there is adequate sunlight. They grow best in sites with full sun. However, the tree is vulnerable to several diseases and pests, including a few that cause willow tree bark peeling. A few of the most serious willow tree problems do not cause peeling willow bark. These include infestation by gypsy moth caterpillars, willow leaf beetles and bagworms that will defoliate the tree.[图片]The worst willow diseases include: Crown gall, which causes stunting and dieback Willow scab, which causes olive green spore masses along the underside of leaves Blank canker, causing dark brown spots on the tree’s leaves. These are not your tree’s problem if your willow tree bark is falling off.[图片]Reasons for Peeling Bark on Willows Peeling willow bark can be caused by insects. If your willow tree bark is falling off, it could be a sign of borer insects. Both poplar and willow borers can tunnel through the inner layer of the willow bark. This causes peeling bark on willows. Your best bet if your willow tree has borers is to clip out all diseased branches. Then you can spray the willow tree with permethrin to kill borers. Another possible reason for willow tree bark peeling is too much sun. Willows most often get sunscald in winter when sun reflects off bright snow. The sunlight heats the tree bark, causing the tree cells to become active. But as soon as the temperatures plunge, the cells freeze and rupture.[图片]If your willows have yellow or red patches on the tree trunk, this may be the result of sunscald. Those spots can also crack and peel as time passes. The tree will heal from sunscald, but you can protect your wills by acting before winter. Paint the trunks with diluted, white paint in early winter to prevent sunscald.

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2017年09月03日

Willow trees are big, graceful trees that are relatively low-maintenance and hardy enough to grow in a variety of conditions. While the long, slender branches of most willow tree species lend themselves to creation of beautiful woven baskets, certain larger willow species are preferred by weavers around the world. Read on to learn more about growing willow plants for baskets.[图片]Basket Willow Trees There are three willow tree species commonly grown as basket willow trees: Salix triandra, also known as almond willow or almond-leaved willow Salix viminalis, often known as common willow. Salix purpurea, a popular willow known by a number of alternate names, including purple osier willow and blue arctic willow Some weavers prefer to plant all three basket willow trees. The trees are perfect for baskets, but basket willow uses are also ornamental, as the trees create a variety of bright colors in the landscape.[图片]How to Grow Basket Willows Basket willow trees are easy to grow in a variety of soil types. Although they adapt to dry soil, they prefer moist or wet soil. Similarly, the trees thrive in full sun but will tolerate partial shade. Willows are easily propagated by cuttings, which are simply pushed a few inches into the soil in late winter to early spring. Water well and apply 2 or 3 inches of mulch. Note: Some willow species can be invasive. If in doubt, check with your local cooperative extension before planting.[图片]Basket Willow Tree Care Basket willow trees grown for baskets are often coppiced, which involves cutting top growth down to the ground in late winter. However, some growers prefer to let the trees grow to their natural shape and form, removing only dead or damaged growth. Otherwise, basket willow tree care is minimal. Provide plenty of water for these moisture-loving trees. Fertilizer isn’t generally needed, but basket willow trees in poor soil benefit from a light feeding of a balanced fertilizer in spring.

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2017年09月03日

Willow scab disease attacks different types of willow species in Europe and the United States. It can attack weeping willows but is not one of the more common weeping willow diseases. Willow scab is caused by the fungus Venturia salciperda. Scab on willow trees usually doesn’t cause serious harm unless the black canker fungus (Glomerella miyabeanais) is also present. Read on to learn about how to recognize and how to treat willow scab.[图片]Scab on Willow Trees Willow scab is a fungal disease that causes leaf symptoms, followed by brown spore masses at the base of leaves. The symptoms of scab on willow start with dark spots on the leaves. These can be brown or black, and cause the leaves to wilt, shrivel up and die. In time, as the willow scab disease progresses, the fungus spreads to the stem tissue at the bases of leave petioles. There, it forms olive-brown velvety spore masses. This happens most often in wet spring weather. Look on the underside of the leaves and along the rib and veins for these fruiting bodies. Although scab on willow trees can attack any almost any Salix tree, it is not considered one of the common weeping willow diseases. In fact, weeping willows (Salix babylonica) are the most resistant willow species to this disease.[图片]How to Treat Willow Scab Willow scab disease causes only minor damage to your trees if they are healthy. However, repeated infections may slow a willow’s growth and reduce its vigor. If you are wondering about whether effective willow scab treatment exists, you’ll be happy to hear that it does. You can control willow scab on your backyard willows with a combination of good cultural practices and chemical applications. How to treat willow scab with cultural practices? First, you’ll need to trim out all of the infected parts of the willow tree, including stems and twigs. Don’t forget to sterilize your pruners with a bleach and water mixture to avoid spreading the fungus.[图片]In addition, keep your trees vigorous with sufficient irrigation and regular fertilizer. The disease does much less damage to healthy trees than vulnerable ones. Finally, properly timed fungicide applications can be part of your willow scab treatment. This is especially important if your tree is also infected by the black canker fungus.

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