动态第136页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

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富贵竹是非常受家庭喜爱的植物，常年葱翠，植株体型不会过大，养在花瓶中美观又大气。且水养、土养都可以，适合各种需求的人来种植。另外，富贵竹还寓意着富贵、吉祥、运气旺，因此近几年成为了家庭种植的宠儿。 [图片]富贵竹,属多年生常绿草本,株高可达1.5-2.5米高以上,如作商品、观赏,栽培高度为80～100厘米为宜,多栽培于园圃中,也有野生,喜阴湿,茎叶肥厚,叶深绿色,主要作观赏植物。种植富贵竹具有产量高,经济效益高优势,目前一般市场价每株可达3～5元以上,每亩可种植1.8～2.5万株,一年亩产值可达3～5万元。栽培富贵竹从4月份左右开始,12月中下旬可收获,该品种管理粗放,可选择土壤的经济效益,就要选择排灌方便、土壤疏松肥沃的水稻田栽培为宜。疏松、肥沃的稻田、坡地栽培。其栽培技术介绍如下: 一、土地选择：由于富贵竹是喜阴湿的观赏植物,为此,要加速其生长,缩短生产周期,创造更佳二、搭建遮阳棚：搭建遮阴棚即是盖遮阳网,稻田四周用木柱或水泥桩搭架,木柱要求高2.4米,深埋0.4米,若按20平方米用四条木柱(或水泥柱)计,每亩约需木柱30～35条,棚顶面上用铁线或尼龙绳系紧。然后按每亩10捆塑料遮阳网(宽1.5米/100米55元/捆),盖好遮阴,再用尼龙绳四周系好即成。 [图片]三、精细整地,合理密植：整地时畦面高度为15～20厘米,畦面宽120～150厘米,畦沟25厘米。每亩施30担腐熟农家肥充分耙平后,插植株苗,种植规格以8×5寸或6×5寸种植,每亩可种1.5～2万株以上,一般种植不要过密,栽植深度以2.5～3.5厘米为好,(即种苗4个节位,插植2个节位即可),保持适当的空间,以便通风透光。

2018年09月07日

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虫害分布主要分布于中国浙江、福建等地。 [图片]虫害形态特征成虫雌虫体长7－9 mm。体黑色，有天蓝色光泽。触角黑色，9节，密生黑色绒毛。前翅淡烟褐色；翅柄黑色，中央稍带黄色；翅脉黑色。前足及中足腿节尖端、胜节、第一、二跗节或第一、三胫节，后足腿节尖端、脱节均黄白色。唇基前线平直，中窝深，近圆形。触角沟深。横缝及侧缝深，冠缝隐晦。头部及胸部刻点细稀；中胸前侧片几乎无刻点。头、胸部细毛黑色。雄虫体长5－7mm。中胸后片后端刻点较密。触角9节，第三节长度与第四、第五节长度和之比为1：1：1。其余色泽及构造（外生殖器除外）同雌虫。卵长椭圆形，长约2 mm，宽0．8 mm。初产时为粉红色，近孵化时变为灰色。幼虫初孵幼虫身体淡黄色，头黑色。5龄幼虫后期，腹部气门下线处每节各有2个黑点，6龄时黑点成肉瘤状。老熟幼虫身体黄色发亮，气门黑褐色，腹部有2排横向排列的刺。蛹长约10 mm，刚化蛹时，身体淡黄色，足白色透明。近羽化时为揭黑色。虫害发生规律竹林区 1年发生1代或2代，以老熟幼虫在上中1-4 cm深处结茧变为预蛹越冬。翌年5月中旬开始化蛹，5月下旬始见成虫，6月上旬为羽化盛期，6月下旬为羽化末期；6月上旬开始产卵，中旬为产卵盛期；6月中旬卵孵化，7月中旬幼虫进入7龄，并陆续下竹入土。其中部分发生2代的老熟幼虫8月下旬开始化蛹，9月上旬开始羽化，中旬为羽化盛期，并开始产卵，9月下旬卵孵化，10月下旬幼虫老熟下竹。幼虫从竹杆上爬行下竹，至地面入土作茧静伏其中。同一批蛹雄成虫比雌成虫羽化早。在羽化始盛期，雄成由约占78%，至盛期雌成虫的占70%。雨天基本不羽化；天气晴朗，有利于成虫羽化。雌雄性比一般为1：2.2。成虫羽化后喜成群活跃在阳光充足的东南坡毛竹、杂竹及其它植物顶部，阴天停息于叶片上，很少活动。交尾前，雌、雄成虫均在竹冠顶部成群飞舞。交尾后，卵产于毛竹或杂竹的叶肉组织内。产卵时，成虫停息在竹叶上，腹部紧贴叶片，从主脉两侧的叶片正面将卵产入。每产1粒卵移动约1mm，卵成“一”字形排列。一般每叶产卵1排偶有2排。产卵部位的叶背稍有泡状隆起。卵快孵化时，卵边缘出现小黑点。同一卵块的卵多在同一时间孵化。孵化率：第一代为50－100%，平均93%；第二代为20一100%，平均 75．4%。孵化时，幼虫多从正面咬一小孔钻出，少数从叶背钻出，不食卵壳。幼虫孵出后即在原产卵叶上取食，全部幼虫沿叶缘排成一队，头向叶基，前一条幼虫的尾部翘在后一条幼虫的头上，从叶尖吃向叶的基部，常将叶食尽，仅留主脉，以后一起转移至另一叶片上取食。 4龄幼虫开始分散取食。幼虫蜕皮6次。蜕皮前停止取食，排尽体内粪便。蜕皮时用尾钩住被食叶的主脉或其他部位，由体中前部胀直，头亮与前胸间的旧蜕不断膨胀，伸胀几次后头壳开裂，虫体逐渐伸出。从脱裂线胀开到虫体爬出约需15分钟。脱皮后约75分钟，头壳成黑色，随即幼虫开始爬行活动。幼虫每次脱皮后，体长和头壳明显增大；而7龄幼虫体长自脱皮3－6天后缩短，此时开始爬行下竹，寻找适宜地面入土作茧。 [图片]虫害防治方法 1．加强毛竹林抚育，铲除林内或林缘蜜源植物，以断绝毛竹黑叶蜂补充营养来源。 2. 人工防治：（1）幼龄幼虫群集叶上时，可采取人工捕捉方法。（2）利用幼虫假死性，3龄后于树下铺张塑料薄膜，震动树干，收集落下幼虫拿来沤肥。 3. 生物防治可喷1亿孢子/毫升苏云金杆菌、10亿孢子/毫升白僵菌防治2—3龄幼虫。 4. 化学防治：（1）对幼龄幼虫可用45%丙溴辛硫磷（国光依它）1000倍液，或国光乙刻（20%氰戊菊酯）1500倍液+乐克（5.7%甲维盐）2000倍混合液,40%啶虫.毒（必治）1500-2000倍液喷杀幼虫，可连用1-2次，间隔7-10天。可轮换用药，以延缓抗性的产生。（2）对于成虫可利用其取食花蜜习性，喷45%丙溴辛硫磷（国光依它）1000倍液。

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虫害分布分布湖北、云南、贵州等省。主要危害竹、棉花等。 [图片]虫害危害为害特点成、若虫食叶；若虫常食叶脉或叶柄。虫害形态特征形状细长似竹节，中至大型，体长11cm，绿色或褐色。头卵圆形略扁，下口式。复眼小，卵形或球形，稍突出，复眼内侧有单眼3个或2个或无。触角短或细长。前胸短，背板扁平。中、后胸长，后胸与第l腹节紧密相连。具翅，前翅革质，后翅膜质，有的品种l对或无翅。足细长或扁，前足在静止时向前伸长。产卵器不发达。有1对不分节的尾须。虫害发生规律该虫静止时栖息在竹等植物上，具拟态和保护色，常不易被发现。雄虫较活泼，昼夜活动，一般夜间取食多。若虫、成虫腹端上屈，受惊扰时，常后退再落下，并以前胸背板前角发射臭液。两性生殖，卵散产，附着在树枝上或直接落地产卵，翌春在地表孵化，有的种类能进行孤雌生殖。该虫2年1代，以卵和2龄若虫越冬。在越冬期的卵和若虫均能忍受0℃的低温。若虫在越冬期体色加深，在树的枝叶丛中静伏不动。初孵若虫耐饥饿能力较强，10天左右不取食而不死亡。1—2龄若虫无假死性；3—6龄若虫及成虫假死性明显，遇到外界刺激时，伸开六足，下落到地面，整个过程4—9分钟，有的成虫假死可达1小时之久。 1龄若虫于9月上旬出现，历期35天；2龄若虫10月上旬出现，并于11月中旬进入越冬直至来年3月上旬，历期155天；3龄若虫于3月下旬出现，历期28天；4龄若虫于4月中旬出现，历期17天；5龄若虫于5月上旬出现，历期17天；6龄若虫5月下旬出现，历期22天；成虫于6月中、下旬出现，7月上旬开始产卵，寿命50—75天。当年8月下旬以后产卵，于翌年8月下旬孵化，卵期长达315天—371天。 [图片]虫害防治方法（一）人工捕杀利用3—6龄幼虫和成虫假死性的特性，可以人工震落并捕杀，或利用傍晚成虫大量下树时进行捕杀。（二）生物防治 1、白僵菌：利用雨后或有露水的早晚喷撒白僵菌粉，每亩用量1千克。 2、苦烟乳油：使用苦烟乳油2000—3000倍液喷雾，每亩用量约40克；或将苦烟乳油和柴油按1：9混合，制成烟剂，用烟雾机施放，每亩用量约30克。 3、灭幼脲：喷洒无公害绿色农药—25%阿维菌素•灭幼脲3号悬浮剂，使用浓度为1500—2500倍液，一般施药24小时后开始中毒死亡。使用前务必将瓶下部沉淀摇起，混匀后再使用。本剂对蚕有毒，养蚕区不宜使用。 4、阿维菌素：使用阿维菌素烟剂直接燃烧放烟，每亩用量1公斤（含有效成分30克）。（三）化学防治在4月下旬-5中旬喷药防治。用2.5%敌杀死乳油5000倍，或40%乐果乳油1000～2000倍，或40%水胺硫磷乳油2000～4000倍，或5%来福灵乳油2000倍等喷雾防治。

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虫害分布我国分布于安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖南、四川、广西等地，为害毛竹、刚竹、淡竹等竹类。 [图片]虫害危害幼虫取食竹叶，严重时将叶食光，使竹枯死，影响出笋和竹材质量。虫害形态特征成虫体长12-23mm，翅展35-54mm。雌成虫体翅黄白色，前翅近前缘与基角处深黄色，前翅翅尖突出，近菜刀形。翅中有黑点1个。底色与斑纹个体差异较大。后翅黄白色至近白色，缘毛黄白色。雄虫体黄褐色，前翅锈黄色，内、外线隐约可见，翅中有1黑点，后翅茶褐色。卵扁圆球形，长径1.2-1.3mm，初产时淡红色，散产或成块。幼虫长52-70mm，体翠绿色，背线灰黑色，气门线宽，上为黄色，下为粉白色。蛹长18-25mm，红褐色，臀棘8根。虫害发生规律 1年3-4代。以老熟幼虫在地面浅土、落叶中作茧越冬或以4-5代幼虫于竹上越冬。翌年3月底至4月中旬化蛹。各代幼虫为害期分别为5月上旬到6月下旬、6月下旬至8月中旬、8月下旬到10月中旬、10月上旬到翌年1月下旬。世代重叠。成虫在傍晚至清晨羽化，白天静伏，傍晚活动，具趋光性。卵产于竹叶上，成块状，每块十数粒至百数粒。每雌平均产卵136--340粒。1龄幼虫食卵壳，2龄幼虫开始取食竹叶，一生可食竹叶数十片，末龄幼虫食量最大。老熟后在表土层中作茧化蛹。 [图片]虫害防治方法（1）农业防治。加强竹林抚育，合理砍伐，保持竹林适宜密度，可抑制大发生；注意竹林卫生，清除落地叶片及小枝，人工摘除虫茧，减少虫源。（2）物理防治。该虫趋光性强，在成虫发生期，装置黑光灯诱杀。（3）化学防治。大发生时可放敌敌畏插管烟剂，唯有中毒幼虫落地后，有恢复后再次上竹取食；击竹时幼虫会落地，可在地面喷药，用50％辛硫磷、80％敌敌畏乳油150c倍液。（4）生物防治。保护与利用天敌，如卵期释放赤眼蜂，每亩7万头。

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虫害分布我国分布于浙江、福建、江西、湖南、四川、贵州、广西等地。 [图片]虫害危害为害毛竹、慈竹、白夹竹、寿竹等竹林，是竹林重要食叶害虫之一。取食竹叶，大发生时将竹叶食尽，使竹节内积水，致被害竹林成片枯死。虫害形态特征成虫体长10-14mm，翅展26-35mm。体黄色，雌虫体色略浅。复眼黑色。触角栉齿状，触角干淡黄色，栉齿灰黑色，雌虫栉齿短而稀。雄虫前翅淡黄至棕黄色，雌虫前翅浅黄色，翅后缘中央有1橙红色斑，后翅色浅。卵鼓形，高0.8mm。浅黄色，顶部稍平，中间略凹，顶缘有1浅褐不均匀环纹。幼虫老熟幼虫体长20-25mm，浅灰黑色，被黑色和黄色长毛。前胸两侧中央具突出毛瘤，各生1束向前伸的灰黑色羽状毛，长约10mm；第一至第四腹节背面中央各生1束红棕色刷状毛；第八腹节背面中央着生1束红棕的长毛，毛束内混有羽状毛。蛹体长9-14mm，黄棕或红棕色，体各节被黄白色毛，臀棘上有小钩30余根，共成1束。茧长椭圆形，长11-23mm，丝质薄，土黄色，茧上附有毒毛。虫害发生规律年生代数因地而异，在浙江、福建1年3代；江西、四川1年4代。以幼虫在茧内越冬或以1-2龄幼虫在竹上越冬。在浙江南部各代幼虫取食期分别为3月中旬到6月上旬、6月下旬到8月上旬、8月中旬到10月上旬；福建省各代发生期分别比浙江提前10-15d。江西省4代，各代幼虫取食期分别为3月中旬到5月上旬、5月下旬到6月下旬、7月上旬到8月上旬、8月下旬到10月上旬。11月孵化的幼虫需取食10-25d后进行越冬。成虫在清晨和傍晚羽化。羽化后爬到竹枝叶丛中，白天静伏，受惊扰后落地或作短距离飞行，夜晚飞行活动，有强趋光性，尤以雌虫更甚。雌虫羽化后不久，雄虫即可飞来交尾，交尾时间多在清晨。雌虫交尾后4-12h开始产卵。卵多产在被害较轻或未被为害竹叶丰茂的竹冠中下层竹叶背面或竹秆上。卵块单行或双行纵列，每行有卵6-13粒，多者达40余粒，排列紧密。每雌1生产卵120-160粒。卵经6-12d孵化。初孵幼虫出壳后，停息于卵块附近，8-20 h内取食卵壳，然后群集爬行于竹叶背面取食。3龄幼虫开始分散，食叶量逐龄渐增，并爬上竹梢叶部取食。幼虫有吐丝下垂习性，尤以小幼虫更甚，以此转移取食。幼虫善爬行，反应敏感，有假死性，遇惊卷曲身体，弹跳坠地。夏天中午气温高时，幼虫需下竹纳凉，下午夕阳西下后复上竹取食。老熟幼虫在竹上部竹叶或竹秆上结茧，夏天老熟幼虫可下竹在林下灌木、杂草及竹秆下部的笋箨内结茧。茧经2-3d化蛹。蛹经6-15d羽化为成虫。刚竹毒蛾的发生与温、湿度关系密切。一般大出现前多发生在山洼、阴坡、密林中，再逐渐向山脊、阳坡、疏林扩展。同一被害竹林，山洼、溪边、密林被害重；山脊、阳坡被害轻。虫情发展到山脊、阳坡后，虫口密度将急剧下降。幼虫在气温12℃以下，30℃以上取食减少；10℃以下，35℃以上停止取食。春天低温、夏日高温对竹毒蛾发生不利，秋天干旱对卵孵化及幼虫发育不利。早春气温回升后，再出现低温，俗称“倒春寒”，最低气温在0℃以下，刚竹毒蛾当年不会大发生。捕食天敌有蚂蚁、猎蝽。寄生性天敌卵期有毒蛾黑卵蜂、旋小蜂、跳小蜂；幼虫期有绒茧蜂、黑瘤姬蜂、细鄂姬蜂、凹眼姬蜂、内茧蜂及日本追寄蝇、灰腹狭颊寄蝇等。另外幼虫期还有白僵菌寄生。天敌在大发生时寄生率都很高，对抑制该毒蛾持续发生起决定作用。 [图片]虫害防治方法（1）农业防治。加强竹林抚育，合理砍伐，保持竹林适宜密度，可抑制大发生；注意竹林卫生，清除落地叶片及小枝，人工摘除虫茧，减少虫源。（2）物理防治。该虫趋光性强，在成虫发生期，装置黑光灯诱杀。（3）化学防治。尽量选择在低龄幼虫期防治。此时虫口密度小，危害小，且虫的抗药性相对较弱。防治时用45%丙溴辛硫磷（国光依它）1000倍液，或国光乙刻（20%氰戊菊酯）1500倍液+乐克（5.7%甲维盐）2000倍混合液,40%啶虫.毒（必治）1500-2000倍液喷杀幼虫，可连用1-2次，间隔7-10天。可轮换用药，以延缓抗性的产生。（4）生物防治。幼虫发生期引放天敌，并注意加以保护，发生量不大时尽量不施用化学药剂防治，可使用白僵菌、苏云金杆菌喷雾，防治效果均好。

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虫害分布别名竹扁蠹虫、竹褐粉蠹，国内分布广泛，食性杂，可以为害竹材、栎类、泡桐等枯立木，以及木器、家俱、竹制品。 [图片]虫害危害幼虫在竹材、木材内部蛀食，咬成细的粉末，散落地面。材质内部蛀成碎屑仅留表皮，一触即破，给家庭造成经济损失。虫害形态特征成虫体长4-5mm，长扁形，红棕色或黄褐色。头部及前胸背板密被金黄色细毛，复眼黑色而略突出。触角11节，末端2节膨大，端节为卵圆形。前胸背板后端的2/3及鞘翅缝区为黑褐色，前胸背板近长方形，前端宽而后端狭，背面微有刻点。鞘翅较长，光滑无毛，上有6条纵列的微细点刻，两侧近于平行，末端略圆形。腹部共6节，第1腹节比第2腹节约长1倍以上。卵长1.2-1.4mm，乳白色。幼虫前端略微弯曲，呈锥棒状，老熟幼虫体长3.5－6.4mm。虫害发生规律 1年发生1代，成虫喜在竹材裂缝及阴暗处隐藏，羽化不久即行交配，每次时间很短，交尾可进行多次。产卵时先以产卵器刺入竹材断头处的小孔中，作多次尝试活动，然后将卵产出。幼虫孵化后，咬破导管壁蛀入竹材中危害。成虫一般夜间活动，能飞翔。幼虫的生长情况，与竹材中所含淀粉及葡萄糖有很密切的关系，如竹材经6小时的水煮，由于其中淀粉和单糖类等物质已被浸出，营养不够，幼虫个体的生长发育将受到显著的影响。老熟幼虫在竹材表面筑蛹室化蛹。以幼虫越冬。各虫态历期为：卵平均10天，幼虫323天，前蛹4天，蛹8天，成虫期16天。 [图片]虫害防治方法（1）加强竹林管理。加强营林措施，增施磷钾肥，适时合理灌溉，防止竹株徒长，提高植株抗性，减少为害。（2）新伐材处理。新伐竹材放入石灰水中浸泡一段时间后再利用，并且尽量采用水运，可避免和减轻为害；将受害后不堪使用的竹材、竹制品及时烧毁，在竹材断口处用漆或石蜡封闭，可阻止其产卵。（3）药剂防治。发现竹材、木材受害时，可用国光必治200倍或敌敌畏200倍液涂抹或喷洒。杀死其中幼虫或成虫。

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The bird of paradise plant (Strelitzia reginae) is a tropical favorite known for its flamboyant birdlike blooms. A South African native, the plant is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12. Throughout the rest of the United States, it enjoys widespread popularity as a dependable houseplant. Bird of paradise grows 3 to 5 feet in height and blooms intermittently through the year, creating a colorful focal point in warm-climate gardens. [图片]Grow bird of paradise plants in well-drained, fertile soil in a sunny or partially sunny location. In warm climates, the plant grows and flowers best in partial shade. In sunny locations, bird of paradise grows shorter stems and produces smaller flowers. [图片]Protect bird of paradise plants any time temperatures drop toward freezing. It can survive 30 degree Fahrenheit temperatures, but only for a brief time. In colder climates, grow bird of paradise in a large pot that can be moved inside during cold snaps and wintry weather. [图片]Water bird of paradise consistently, especially when newly planted. New plantings need water every three days for the first six months until they get established. After that, the plant should thrive with normal rainfall and supplemental watering in dry conditions. [图片]Place a layer of mulch around the base of the bird of paradise to conserve moisture and prevent competition from grass and weeds. Keep the mulch a few inches away from the plant's trunk to prevent moisture from accumulating and encouraging rot. [图片]Fertilize bird of paradise every three months during its active growing season of spring and summer. Apply a controlled-release, balanced 14-14-14 fertilizer at a rate of 3 tablespoons per 4 square feet around the plant. Scratch the fertilizer into the soil with a garden fork, and water the area well. [图片]Use insecticides sparingly as bird of paradise plants have few pests. If aphids or grasshoppers are noticed, remove them by hand or use a gentle blast from a hose to remove them. Remove any yellowed or dead leaves that occur through the year. [图片]Divide large clumps of bird of paradise by separating the root ball early in the growth season. Use a garden fork to gently lift the plant and to pull the root ball apart. Plant divisions at the same depth the original grew. Keep them well watered until established.

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Hens and chicks plant (Sempervivum tectorum) is named for the rosette, or hen, and small offsets, or chicks, that grow on slender runners extending from the succulent. This sturdy plant thrives in tough growing conditions and needs only a thin layer of soil to develop roots. After the hen flowers and sets seed in summer, it dies back and the chicks fill in the empty spot. Hens and chicks grows outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 8. Sometimes called houseleek, you can also grow hens and chicks as a houseplant. [图片]Outdoor Care Like most succulents, hens and chicks thrive in poor, sandy, well-draining soil and full sun. A spot where the plant gets afternoon shade is best in hot, sunny climates, but too much shade may result in a spindly, pale plant. To plant hens and chicks, loosen the top of the soil with a spade or garden fork, then nestle the plant into the top of the soil. It will soon develop roots that anchor the plant to the soil. Water to a depth of 6 to 8 inches after planting. After that, water only when the soil is dry -- usually every seven to 10 day during hot weather. The plant doesn't need any fertilizer. To keep hens and chicks neat, pinch off flower heads after the plant blooms in midsummer. Houseplant Hens and Chicks Hens and chicks performs best and shows its best colors outdoors, but with proper care and a container with drainage holes, you can grow this succulent plant indoors. Plant hens and chicks in a container filled with a mixture of equal parts potting mix and sand, then place the plant in a south-facing window where it gets at least six to eight hours of sun each day. If you don't have a sunny window, place the plant under grow lights or fluorescent bulbs for 14 to 16 hours per day. Allow 6 to 12 inches between the plant and the bulb. Proper watering is critical because succulent plants rot quickly in soggy, waterlogged soil. One watering per week is generally enough during warm weather, but never water the plant unless the soil feels completely dry. Water sparingly during the winter, providing only enough water to keep the plant from shriveling. Let the pot drain thoroughly and never let the plant stand in water. Making More Hens and Chicks Hens and chicks is easy to propagate by removing chicks from the hen any time or year. This usually happens because the plant outgrows its garden spot or container or because the hens and chicks are too crowded. Allow the chick to develop until the runner dies back and you can see small roots at the base of the chick. Cut or break the chick from the hen and plant it in a pot filled with a sandy potting soil mix, or in well-drained outdoor spot. To keep from transferring disease to the plant while pruning, wipe the blades of your tools with alcohol and allow to dry before using. [图片]Considerations Although hens and chicks can spread up to 2 feet wide, they are not considered an invasive plant. Hens and chicks are generally disease-free with the exception of root or stem rot or rust, which occur if hens and chicks are overwatered or placed in soil that doesn't drain well.

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A plant for pond edges, bog gardens and other wet sites, horsetail (Equisetum hyemale) grows in stands of bamboo-like, dark green stems. Also called scouring rush, horsetail is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 11, and is a member of an ancient plant family that dates back 350 million years, notes the Missouri Botanical Garden. One reason for this perennial's long survival is its extremely aggressive spreading habit, but growing horsetail in containers gives you some control. Containing Horsetail [图片]Horsetail spreads outward through underground stems called rhizomes, and containers provide a barrier to these rhizomes. Plant horsetail in a container, with drainage holes, that's just large enough to accommodate the plant's root ball. Place a sheet of fine mesh, such as screen mesh, over the drainage holes to prevent horsetail rhizomes from growing through them, and spread a layer of general purpose potting soil over the mesh. Place the horsetail in the container. The top of the root ball should be 1 inch below the container rim. Fill in gaps around the root ball with more potting soil, and apply water until it runs though the drainage holes. Planting in Water [图片]Horsetail thrives in water gardens and on stream banks. Providing year-round color and structure in wet, full-sun and partial-shade sites, horsetail tolerates water to a depth of 4 inches over its roots. To add horsetail to your water garden or pond site, spread a 1-inch layer of gravel over the potting soil in the horsetail container to protect it. Place bricks on the bottom of the planting site to provide a firm, level base. Sink the horsetail container into the water slowly until it's submerged and resting firmly on the bricks. Planting in Soil [图片]Horsetail provides strong, vertical lines in Japanese gardens and can grow where few other plants survive. Dig a hole 2 or 3 inches wider than the horsetail container and 1 inch less deep. Place the container in the hole, and check that it's level. Twisting the container and pushing down gently helps level the container and firm the soil beneath it. Check that the container rim is protruding from the soil by 1 inch, and fill in the gaps around it with dug soil. Water the ground around the container to settle the soil, and fill in any hollows with more soil. Controlling Horsetail [图片]Prune regularly to control horsetail's spreading habit. Horsetail grows 2 to 4 feet tall and spreads indefinitely in favorable conditions. Check the horsetail monthly, at least, for rhizomes climbing over the container rim and stems with cone-like, spore-producing heads, which usually appear in spring. Clean pruning shear blades with rubbing alcohol, and prune escaping rhizomes and fruiting stems at ground level. Wipe the pruning shear blades with rubbing alcohol again after use. Place pruned horsetail debris in a sealed plastic bag in the trash. Don't grow horsetail in areas accessible to pets or livestock. Horsetail can be deadly to animals when eaten.