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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Did you know that you can grow orchids in your garden, in the ground? Most people think of orchids as showy, greenhouse beauties, but those plants represent only one type of orchids. Among the Orchid family, there are over 200 species that flourish in the soil. These plants are classified as terrestrial orchids and grow wild in subtropical and tropical areas of America.[图片]Considered woodland plants, terrestrial orchids share some characteristics with their greenhouse counterparts. These plants come in many shapes and size, produce blossoms in a rainbow of colors, and are famous for filling the night air with wonderful aromas. Unlike their tropical cousins, however, these woodland flowers do not produce aerial roots or stems that climb trees and bushes. They prefer to keep their roots firmly planted in the earth.[图片]Terrestrial orchids don’t need a lot of fertilizer, either. As a matter of fact, most of these ground-loving plants can’t handle a lot of fertilizer. Usually all that’s needed to feed these flowers is leafy compost at planting and later as the plants mature. If your soil is poor in nutrients and you must fertilize, use a very weak solution. Take the food you would normally give flowers and dilute it to one-quarter strength.[图片]One difference between terrestrial orchids and other orchids that often surprises people is their ability to tolerate cold temperatures. Many of these species survive well in freezing temperatures, and some actually require sub-freezing conditions in order to bloom. Like tulips and other bulb plants, these orchids go dormant through the cold weather months and grow and bloom again when spring arrives. Terrestrial orchids can be categorized into two general groups: individual growers and clumps/tuft growers.[图片]Within the individual growers (also called solitary) there are two distinct growth habits. One group produces both their leaves and their flowers from one stem, which sprouts from an underground tuber or corm. This single stem is leafy and produces an inflorescence at its end. After the blossom is completely open and seeding is complete, these orchids drop their leaves, or become deciduous. The tubers or corms experience an annual dormant period, then continue their life cycle.[图片]The other group of solitary growing terrestrial orchids produces a separate leaf stem and a separate flower stem. Each of these stems sprouts from a distinct bud on the rhizome. An example of this type of growth can be growth can be found in flowers among the Nervilia, Eulophia and Pachystoma genera. Terrestrial orchids that grow erect are usually evergreen and keep their leaves for a year or more. Leafy pseudobulbs provide new growth, usually from the base, as seen in Phaius, Liparis and Acanthephippium genera.[图片]Plants among the genera of Macodes and Zeuxine provide beautiful examples of creeping Terrestrial orchids. The rhizomes of these plants are usually fleshy with long internodes. Axillary buds grow below the apex of the rhizomes and produce upright leaf and flower spikes. After flowering ends, and sometimes after the plant loses its leaves, new growth begins. The original upright spike falls and is absorbed by the rhizome.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Have you ever grown garlic or onions and been distressed to see that the plant has stunted gnarled, yellow streaked leaves? Upon closer inspection, you don’t really see any insects. Well, it’s quite possible they’re there but just too small to see without a microscope. You are probably looking at wheat curl mite damage. What are wheat curl mites and what wheat curl mite control is there? Read on to learn more.[图片]What are Wheat Curl Mites? Wheat curl mites (Aceria tulipae) are tiny, almost microscopic plant feeding mites. They have 2 pairs of legs near the head which is perched atop a cigar-shaped body. Their favorite food, as the name suggests, is wheat, but they also infiltrate fields of onions and garlic. Wheat curl mites on plants become active in the spring and their populations virtually explode as temps increase; 75-85 degrees F. (23-29 C.) are prime reproduction temperatures. They lay their eggs in rows along leaf veins and when conditions are optimal, an entire generation can be completed in 10 days.[图片]Wheat Curl Mite Damage Not only do wheat curl mites cause twisted, yellow streaked leaves, but their feeding causes onion and garlic plants that are being stored to desiccate. Equally as damaging, wheat curl mites act as a vector for Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus, which is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat crops. They are also vectors of the High Plains Virus, which afflicts both corn and wheat in the Great Plains region, and Triticum Mosaic Virus, which is often seen in conjunction with Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and can decimate a crop. Because of the serious damage and loss of capitol, treating wheat curl mites is of paramount importance. Sadly, there is very little wheat curl mite control at this juncture.[图片]Wheat Curl Mite Control Wheat curl mites on plants are found on the terminal leaves and move onto each new leaf as it emerges. Once the wheat dries down, the mites gather on the flag leaves where they are picked up by the wind and carried to other food sources, such as other grasses and corn. Once these die back, the wind carries the mites onto newly emerged winter wheat. Wheat curl mites can live for several days at temps below 0 degrees F. (-17 C.) and for several months at near freezing temperatures. This means they are present for an extended period of time, and ready and willing to do significant damage to successive crops from spring into winter. So how do you go about treating wheat curl mites?[图片]There are no blanket controls for wheat curl mites. Flood irrigation in commercial crops or heavy winter rains can reduce field populations. Commercial growers treat seed garlic with hot water to reduce seed infestation and destroy volunteer wheat at least two weeks prior to planting winter wheat. No chemical treatments have been determined to eradicate the mites. Most home growers don’t plant wheat, but many of us grow onions and garlic. Don’t plant successive onion or garlic crops in the home garden that will just begin the mite reproduction process anew.[图片]Treat bulbs prior to planting with hot water to reduce the population of mites. Soak the bulbs at 130 degrees F. (54 C.) for 10-20 minutes or at 140 degrees F. (60 C.) for 10-15 minutes. You can also try soaking affected garlic cloves for 24 hours in 2% soap (not detergent) and 2% mineral oil solution. Some sites suggest soaking cloves in alcohol for a few minutes prior to planting to kill any adult mites.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Anytime anything unusual occurs on a plant, this gives gardeners a reason to be concerned about their plant. When a plant gets brown edges on leaves or brown leaf tips, a gardener’s first thought may be that this is a disease or pest that is attacking the plant. This is not always the case.[图片]What Causes Brown Edges on Leaves of Plants? When there are whole brown leaves on a plant, this can indicate several dozen problems; but when just the sides or tips of the leaf turn brown, there is only one problem — the plant is stressed. Most commonly brown leaf tips or brown edges on leaves are caused by the plant not getting enough water. There are several reasons why this may happen.[图片]There may be too little natural water falling. If this is what is causing the sides of the leaf to turn brown, you should supplement the rainfall with manual watering. The roots are constricted and unable to reach out for water. This cause of brown leaf tips happens most frequently with container grown plants, but can happen with plants in the ground in particularly heavy clay soils that may act like a container. Either increase watering or replant the plant so that the roots have more room to grow. The soil does not hold onto the water.[图片]If you live in an area that has sandy soil, the water may simply be draining away too fast and this may be causing brown edges on leaves. Improve the soil with organic material which will hold onto the water better. In the meantime, increase the frequency of watering. The roots may be damaged. If the area where the plant is has been flooded by water or if the soil around the plant is too compacted, this can cause root damage. When the roots become damaged, there is not enough of a root system for the plant to properly take up enough water. In this case, correct the problem that is causing the root damage and then prune back the plant some to reduce its water needs while the root system recovers. [图片]Another reason for the sides of a leaf to turn brown is a high salt content in the soil. This can either be natural in the soil, such as from living close to the ocean, or this can happen through over fertilizing. If you live near a source of salt water, there will be very little you can do to correct the problem. If you suspect that you have over fertilized, reduce the amount of fertilizer and increase the amount of watering for a few weeks to help wash the salt away. While brown leaf tips and brown edges on leaves can be alarming, it is, for the most part, an easily fixed problem.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Transplant shock in plants is almost unavoidable. Let’s face it, plants were not designed to be moved from place to place, and when we humans do this to them, it is bound to cause some problems. But, there are a few things to know about how to avoid transplant shock and cure plant transplant shock after it has occurred. Let’s look at these.[图片]How to Avoid Transplant Shock Disturb the roots as little as possible – Unless the plant is root bound, you should do as little as possible to the rootball when moving the plant from one location to the next. Do not shake the dirt off, bump the rootball or rough up the roots.[图片]Bring as much of the roots as possible – Along the same lines as the tip above for plant preparation, preventing shock means when digging up the plant, make sure as much of the roots as possible is brought up with the plant. The more roots that come with the plant, the less likely transplant shock in plants will set in. Water thoroughly after transplanting – An important transplant shock preventer is to make sure that your plant receives plenty of water after you move the plant. This is a good way how to avoid transplant shock and will help the plant settle in to its new location. Always make sure the rootball stays moist when transplanting – For this transplant shock preventer when moving the plant, make sure that the rootball stays moist in-between locations. If the rootball dries out at all, the roots in the dry area will get damaged.[图片]How to Cure Plant Transplant Shock While there is no sure-fire way to cure plant transplant shock, there are things you can do to minimize the transplant shock in plants. Add some sugar – Believe or not, studies have shown that a weak sugar and water solution made with plain sugar from the grocery store given to a plant after transplanting can help recovery time for transplant shock in plants. It can also be used as a transplant shock preventer if applied at the time of transplanting. It only helps with some plants but, as this will not harm the plant, it is worth a try. Trim back the plant – Trimming back the plant allows the plant to focus on regrowing its roots. In perennials, trim back about one-third of the plant.[图片]In annuals, if the plant is a bush type, trim back one-third of the plant. If it is a plant with a main stem, cut off half of each leaf. Keep roots moist – Keep the soil well watered, but make sure that the plant has good drainage and is not in standing water. Wait patiently – Sometimes a plant just needs a few days to recover from transplant shock. Give it some time and care for it as you normally would and it may come back on its own. Now that you know a little more about how to avoid transplant shock and how to hopefully cure plant transplant shock, you know with a little plant preparation, preventing shock should be an easier task.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
How much cold will kill a plant? Not much, although this is usually dependent on the hardiness of the plant as well as the climate. Typically, temperatures falling below freezing will quickly damage or even kill many types of plants. However, with prompt care, many of these cold damaged plants can be rescued. Better still, protecting plants from freezing cold and frost before damage occurs is generally a good idea.[图片]How Much Cold Will Kill a Plant? How much cold will kill a plant is not an easy question to answer. Be sure to look up the cold hardiness for the plant in question before leaving the plant outside. Some plants can survive sub-freezing temperatures for months while others cannot take temperatures below 50 F. (10 C.) for more than a few hours.[图片]What Happens to Cold Damaged Plants? While many people ask how much cold will kill a plant, the real question should be how much freezing will kill a plant. Freeze damage to plant tissue can be detrimental to plants. Light frost typically doesn’t cause major damage, with exception to very tender plants, but hard frost freezes water in plant cells, causing dehydration and damage to cell walls. Cold injury is more likely to occur as the sun comes up. As a result of these damaged cell walls, the plant defrosts too quickly, killing leaves and stems. Young trees or those with thin bark can also be affected by cold temperatures. While not always visible until spring, frost crack results from sudden drops in nighttime temperature following the daytime heating from the sun. Unless these cracks are ragged or torn, however, they usually heal themselves.[图片]Saving Frozen Plants In less severe cases, cold damaged plants can be saved. Frost crack damage in trees that require repair can usually be saved by carefully cutting away the torn or loose bark. Smoothing out the edges with a knife will allow the tree to form a callous on its own. To help minimize frost damage to other woody plants, lightly mist foliage before the sun hits them. Likewise, potted plants can be moved to another location away from direct sunlight. Unless damaged plants are moved indoors or another sheltered area, do not attempt to prune damaged leaves or stems. This actually offers additional protection should another cold spell occur. Instead, wait until spring to cut away the damaged areas. Prune dead stems all the way back. Live stems, however, need only the damaged areas cut back, as these will eventually regrow once warm temperatures return. For soft-stemmed plants suffering from cold injury, immediate pruning may be necessary, as their stems are more prone to rotting. Cold damaged plants can be watered and given a boost of liquid fertilizer to help aid in their recovery.[图片]Protecting Plants from Cold and Frost While saving frozen plants is possible, freeze damage to plant tissue and other cold injuries can often be prevented. When frost or freezing conditions are expected, you can protect tender plants by covering them with sheets or burlap sacks. These should be removed once the sun returns the following morning. Also, potted plants should be moved to a sheltered location, preferably indoors.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
One of the biggest and most popular problems with regard to gardening is under watering plants. Too little water for a plant means it is not getting the nutrients it needs from the water or the soil. So how can you tell plants have too little water? Keep reading to learn more.[图片]Under Watering Plants in the Garden Everyone is aware that there can be drought conditions. Throughout the summer, there are plenty of times when it doesn’t rain for weeks on end. During these times, you have to water your plants because without the necessary water, plants will dwarf, not produce or worse, die. Under watering plants is the worst thing you could do.[图片]Planting your garden in an area that has trouble holding onto water, such as a sandy area, especially during the summer months, means you will have plants affected by not enough water. This is because the natural drainage of the area will leave too little water for a plant. Well drained soil is good because you do not want to overwater plants either, but there is such a thing as too well drained.[图片]How Can You Tell Plants Have Too Little Water? Plants affected by not enough water will have yellowing leaves or dried leaves toward the bottom of the plant. If you see this happening, you are probably under watering plants. Too little water for a plant makes it conserve what little water it has by keeping the stalk green and the roots moist, but the leaves will turn yellow and wilt, eventually drying up.[图片]Plants affected by not enough water will also start showing some root at the surface. The ground around the plants will be cracked, and you can be assured that your plant roots are not getting the moisture or nutrients they need to grow properly – especially container grown plants. Make sure you water your plants so that they do not have difficulty producing the fruits and vegetables you are attempting to achieve.[图片]Finally, too little water for a plant means that the plant will eventually die. If you want to make sure your plants live long and healthy, you need to be sure that you supply enough water.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Just like people, plants are known to feel under the weather now and then. One of the more common signs of ailment is yellowing leaves. When you see leaves turning yellow, it’s time to put your Sherlock hat on and do some sleuthing to find the possible cause and solution. Among the reasons why plant leaves are yellow are environmental conditions, cultural reasons, pests or disease, and even the medium in which the plant grows.[图片]Common Reasons for Leaves Turning Yellow There are many conditions that affect plant growth. Plants are susceptible to temperature variations, sensitive to chemicals and excesses of nutrient, require specific soil compositions and pH levels, have varying lighting needs, are prey to certain pests and diseases, and many other factors influence their health.[图片]Yellowing leaves on plants can be a sign of any of these out of balance or even certain nutritional or chemical influences. Plants don’t have facial expressions so they, therefore, can’t express discomfort or displeasure the way we can. What they can do is show dissatisfaction with a condition by signaling with their leaves. So when you find out why plant leaves turn yellow, you can start triaging your ill plant and nurse it back to health. Yellowing leaves on plants may often be a sign of too little or too much water or nutrients which can affect plant performance.[图片]Your plant may also be located in too much light where it is scorching, or too little light where it is fading due to an inability to photosynthesize properly. Yellowing also occurs due to blatant physical damage. Age is another cause when plant leaves are yellow. It is quite usual for many types of plants to lose the older leaves as the new ones arrive. Older foliage will turn yellow and often wither before it drops off. Winter dormancy is another condition with which most are familiar that makes yellow plant leaves. Of course, yellow plant leaves may not be the only hue experienced, as autumnal displays of red, orange, bronze and rust are common sights.[图片]Why Plant Leaves Turn Yellow in Containers Because of the closed environment in container plants, the conditions must be carefully controlled. There is a limited amount of space, area to store moisture, nutrient in the medium, and lighting and temperature must be considered for each species of potted plant. Our houseplants often have leaves turning yellow due to nutrient deficiency or excess salt in the soil from too much fertilizer.[图片]It may be necessary to change the soil or leach it with large amounts of water to correct the balance. Of course, changing the soil can trigger a condition called transplant shock, which also causes yellowing and dropping leaves. Indoor plants are often tropical in nature and something as simple as changing the plant’s location can produce yellowing leaves on plants which drop off the specimen. This is often due to stress but can also indicate low light or exposure to a draft. The pH may also be too high, causing a condition called chlorosis. It is a good idea to use a pH meter in potted plants to ensure the correct growing conditions. Overhead watering is yet another cause for yellow “water spots” on plants like gloxinia, African violet and several other species of plants with slightly furred foliage.[图片]When Plant Leaves are Yellow from Pests or Disease Pinpointing the causes of yellowed leaves can be quite difficult due to all the potential causes. One thing we haven’t gone over are pests and disease. Sucking insects attack plants inside and outside. These encompass: Mites Aphids Mealybugs Thrips Scale Whiteflies[图片]Many of these insects are too tiny to see with the naked eye and are identified by the plant’s response to their feeding activity. The insects are robbing the plant of its sap, which is the life blood of the plant. The plant’s response is a reduction in overall health including stippled and yellowing leaves. Leaves may crinkle at the edges and fall off. In most cases, repeatedly washing the plant to remove the insects or using a horticultural soap or neem oil can combat these little pirates. Root diseases are often found in root bound plants or in soils with poor drainage.[图片]Any attack on roots can limit the ability of the plant to uptake moisture and nutrients, severely affecting its health. Roots may simply rot away, leaving the plant with minimal ways to sustain themselves. Withering, fading leaves are a common sight when roots are under attack by root rot disease or even root nematodes. As you can see, there are many causes for yellowing foliage. It is best to familiarize yourself with your plant’s specific needs so you can consider each cultural condition carefully and unearth possible causes. It takes patience, but your plants will love you for it.
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玲儿
2017年09月27日
玲儿
セツブンソウの育て方・栽培方法 育て方のポイント 栽培環境・日当たり・置き場 落葉樹林下に多く見られる「春植物」なので、その環境をつくります。 鉢植えは、芽が動き始めるころから、花が終わって結実する4月下旬ごろまで、午前中は日の当たる場所で管理します。葉が伸びきって結実するころからは、木もれ日や明るい日陰へ移して葉の傷みを防ぎます。葉が枯れ落ちたら、棚下の涼しい場所へ移動させます。 庭植えの場合は落葉樹の下などが好ましく、少し傾斜地であれば理想的です。石のかたわらに植えると水はけを保てます。 [图片]水やり 多湿にならないように気をつかいながら、地上部のある時期は毎朝1回水やりします。休眠中は乾かし気味にし、乾燥させすぎないように軽く湿った状態を維持します。夏の水やりは、夕方から夜に軽く与えます。 庭植えの場合は自然の雨にまかせますが、開花期に乾燥する場合は水やりします。 肥料 生育期間が短いので施肥は重要です。球根植物なので元肥は入れません。鉢植え、庭植えとも芽出しのころに1回置き肥をし、成長期に2週間に1回液体肥料を施します。 [图片]病気と害虫 病気：軟腐病、炭そ病、連作障害など 多湿によって軟腐病が発生し、地上部が腐ることが多くあります。多湿に注意して管理します。また、数年植え替えない鉢では忌地（連作障害）を起こし、次第にやせてきます。芽出しのときに黒くよじれてきたら炭そ病です。 害虫：ナメクジ、ヨトウムシ、アブラムシ ナメクジやヨトウムシによる食害が目立ちます。アブラムシも多くつきます。これらの害虫は見つけしだい捕殺します。 用土（鉢植え） 通気性と水はけのよい深めの鉢を選びます。石灰岩地を好んで生えますが、特に石灰にこだわる必要はありません。赤玉土小粒5、鹿沼土小粒4、軽石小粒1くらいの割合で配合します。 [图片]植えつけ、 植え替え 植えつけ、植え替えは休眠中に行います。根の出る前が好ましく、8月末から9月いっぱいが理想的です。「春植物」の多くは茎が弱いので、葉のある時期の植え替えは避けたほうがよいでしょう。鉢植えの、植え替えは毎年か2年に1回行います。 ふやし方 タネまき：球根の分球がほとんど見られないので、タネでふやします。4月ごろ、果実が割れたらタネをとりまきします。細かめの培養土にまき、鉢底に細かい緩効性化成肥料を元肥として少し入れておくと効果的です。タネをまいたら5mm程度覆土をして完成です。発芽まで1年かかるので、コケが生えないように棚下で管理します。 主な作業 花がら摘み：タネをつけさせない場合は、花後に花を摘み取って株の疲れを防ぎます。
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玲儿
2017年09月27日
玲儿
セツブンソウの基本情報 学名：Shibateranthis pinnatifida（Eranthis pinnatifida） 和名：セツブンソウ（節分草）　　 科名 / 属名：キンポウゲ科 / セツブンソウ属 特徴 セツブンソウは関東地方以西の主に太平洋側に多く見られ、古くより節分のころに花が咲くのでこの名前があります。 石灰質の土壌を好み、晩秋から冬の間に、地中深くにある黒褐色の塊茎から白い芽を伸ばし始めます。そして、冬の終わりから早春のころに、白い花弁のような萼片を5枚開きます。葉は深く裂けた灰緑色で、晩春には地上部を枯らして休眠します。 ときに大群落を形成し、一面に白い花を咲かせる「春植物」ですが、近年は開発や盗掘のために激減し、各地で保護が始まっています。 [图片]種類（原種、園芸品種） ヒナマツリソウ Shibateranthis byunsanensis（E. byunsanensis） 韓国セツブンソウとも呼ばれる近年発表されたもの。全体にセツブンソウよりも大柄で、大輪の萼花弁に黄緑色の蜜弁と青い葯が特徴。 エランティス・ステラータ Shibateranthis stellata（Eranthis stellata） ヒナマツリソウと誤認されるが、「ステラータ」の名のとおり、星形の萼花弁に長く伸びた黄色の蜜弁をもち、葯の色は白に近いので区別できる。球根も薄い茶色。 [图片]エランティス・ヒエマリス Eranthis hyemalis キバナセツブンソウの名で多く流通する。地下に大きな褐色の塊茎をもち、萼花弁が5〜6枚で、大輪の光沢のある黄色い花を開く。ヨーロッパアルプスに分布。 エランティス・シリシカ Eranthis cilicica キバナセツブンソウの名で流通する。ギリシャ、シリアなどの山岳部に分布し、エランティス・ヒエマリスに似て花は丸みがあり、全体にがっしりしたイメージがある。 エランティス×ツベルゲニー Eranthis × tubergenii キバナセツブンソウとして流通し、最近は多く見られる。エランティス・ヒエマリスとエランティス・シリシカの交配種。 エランティス・ロンギスティピタータ Eranthis longistipitata 中央アジアの山岳地の乾いた石灰岩帯に生えるキバナセツブンソウ。細く繊細に切れ込んだ破れ傘のような葉が特徴的。
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玲儿
2017年09月27日
玲儿
スノーフレークの育て方・栽培方法 育て方のポイント 栽培環境・日当たり・置き場 水はけのよい日なた、あるいは明るい半日陰で育てます。鉢植えは、休眠中は涼しい日陰に移します。 水やり 芽を出し生育中のものには、土が乾いたらたっぷりと水を与えます。葉が枯れて休眠したら水を切ります。 肥料 元肥として緩効性化成肥料を土壌に混ぜておきます。鉢植えには、芽が出たときと花が咲いたあとに、液体肥料を少量施します。 [图片]病気と害虫 特に問題となる病害虫はありません。 用土（鉢植え） 水はけと通気性のよい土が適しています。市販の草花用培養土を利用するか、赤玉土小粒6、腐葉土3、軽石小粒1の割合で混ぜたものを用いるとよいでしょう。 植えつけ、 植え替え 適期は9月中旬から10月中旬ですが、11月下旬までは植えつけることが可能です。庭植えであれば、深さ7～8cm、間隔は10cmくらいで球根を植えつけます。鉢植えであれば、5号鉢に5球程度、深さ5cmくらいで植えつけます。3年くらいすると球根が混み合ってくるので、掘り上げて植え替えるとよいでしょう。 [图片]ふやし方 分球：植え替え時に、球根を分割してふやします。 タネまき：タネをまいてもふやせますが、開花までに4～5年かかります。 [图片]主な作業 花がら摘み：花が終わったら、花首のところで切ります。 球根の掘り上げ：株が混み合ってくるまでは放任できますが、混み合ってきたら掘り上げます。葉が枯死した5月下旬から6月下旬にかけて球根を掘り上げ、秋の植えつけまで、雨のかからない日陰で乾燥貯蔵します。
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