如果#鲁冰花 在养殖过程最常见的就是病虫害，如果鲁冰花遇到病虫害，不及时防治的话会导致鲁冰花枯萎。那么鲁冰花常见的病虫害多有那些呢？下面我们主要以白粉病、叶斑病、基腐病、锈病及其防治方法。 [图片]鲁冰花的病害防治 鲁冰花叶斑病病斑为褐色至黑色，危害叶片及茎的生长，导致叶片早期枯死，可用多菌灵可湿性粉剂1500倍喷施，效果良好。 症状叶上发病，初生褐色小斑点，后形成直径5-14毫米的病斑。病斑融合为不规则形褐色病斑，枯死。多在夏、秋季节发病。叶柄、茎、花瓣有时也可发病。 病原是CeratophorumsetosumKirchner，分生孢子圆形或纺锤形，隔膜4-5个，隔膜处缢缩，两端细胞色淡，中间细胞色浓，大小为64-80×16-16.5微米。传染途径以受害茎叶及带菌种子越冬。 白粉病 鲁冰花白粉病的病原菌为蓼白粉菌(Erysiphe polygoni(DC.)） 症状：发病初期在叶片上产生白色小粉点，温湿度适宜时，病斑迅速扩大，甚至扩展到全株叶片。病情严重时，使叶片被白色菌丝所覆盖，后期有黄褐色至黑色点（子实体）。叶片病部增厚，枯花畸形黄。 病原及发生规律：病原为蓼白粉菌等。以病残体上越冬。翌年4～5月气温升高，产生分生抱子，借气流和风雨传播，抱子可多次侵染。4～10月均可发病。10月花卉入温室或房间时，病菌也可随之入内，在适宜的条件下在室内也发病，并成为翌年室外发病的侵染源。 [图片]防治方法 （1）栽培管理 注意剪除过密和枯黄枝条，使其通风透光；冬季温室内不能温度过低；以排水性能好的砂质土壤种植；合理施肥，增强生长势，提高抗病性。 （2）消灭菌源 在病害发生轻时，及时清除病叶。在出入温室和房屋时，要严格检查，发现病叶及时烧毁，避免成为侵染源。 （3）药剂防治 发病初期喷施农抗120或抗菌BO－10乳剂100倍液，或50%加瑞农可湿性粉剂或75%十三吗啉乳剂1000倍液，10天喷1次，连喷几次可控制病害发生和蔓延。尤其对托市津、粉锈宁药剂有抗性的白粉病其效果更好。对于一些新产品药剂，应详见说明书或先进行一些小的防治试用，然后再大面积使用。 锈病 鲁冰花锈病病原为羽扇豆单孢锈菌（Uromyces lupinicola Bubak)，多在叶下面产生锈褐色粉末状孢子堆。夏孢子堆主要生于叶上面，椭圆形，排成线状，淡褐色，有侧丝。夏孢子椭圆形，单孢，淡褐色，有细刺，有8－10个分散的芽孔，大小19－26微米×21－32微米。冬孢子堆主要生于叶下面，长形，排成长线状，不突破表皮，有深色侧丝。冬孢子长棒形，双孢，上端截形或锥形，下部较细，栗褐色，大小18－34微米×35－64微米，柄短，有色。 基腐病 症状：病菌主要是侵染幼苗根茎部，致病部变黑或缢缩，潮湿时其上生白色霉状物，植株染病后，数天内即见叶萎蔫、干枯，继而造成整株死亡。病原Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn称立枯丝核病，属半知菌亚门真菌。 传染途径：主要以菌丝或菌核在土壤或病残体内越冬，土壤中的菌丝营腐生活，不休眠。有报道，无寄主存在时菌丝可腐生140天以上，由于该菌寄主范围广，主要靠接触传染，即植株的根、茎、叶接触病土时，便会被土中的菌丝侵染，在有水膜的条件下，与病部接触的健叶即染病。此外，种子、农具及带菌堆肥等都可使病害传播蔓延。

#无忧花 种植方便、后期管理简便。那么对于怎么容易种植的花卉有什么常见的病虫害你知道吗，如果出现病虫害如何及时的扑救以及防治呢？下面我们就来了解下有关无忧花常见病虫害及其防治方法。 [图片]无忧花常见病虫害防治 中国无忧花在广州的引种显示,从幼苗期到树木开花,未发现明显的病虫害,在荚果成熟期,受到荔枝异形小卷蛾(Cryptuphlebia om brudelta Lower)严重为害,几乎连年采收不到健康的种子,华南植物园的科技人员采用茎部钻孔注药法进行防治:在“五一”节前后,对供试树按每厘米胸径注入50%甲胺磷原液1.2 ml或注入40%久效磷原液1.1 ml,所收获种子完好率均大于70%,虫伤率小于16%。据调查,原产地的中国无忧花在结实过程中,会遭受少量荔枝异形小卷蛾为害种子,但害虫对母树的结实影响不大,一般不需要用农药处理;在种子成熟自然脱落地面后,虫害会比较严重,因此要及时采收种子,若发现种子已有虫口,在播种前用敌百虫或敌敌畏1.67～2.00 ml/L液浸种2 h,以控制害虫蛀食,同时可预防蚂蚁为害。 [图片]综合防治 （1）人工防治：结合养护管理，人工刮除茧蛹。 （2）生物防治：老熟幼虫期释放周氏啮小蜂。 （3）药剂防治：发生严重时，用烟参碱1000倍液防治，迅速降低虫口密度。

Scientific Name Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench [图片]Common Names Eastern Purple Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Black Samson, Hedgehog Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Purple Daisy, Snakeroot, Kansas Snakeroot, Scurvy Root, Indian Head, Comb Flower, Black Susans, Echinacée Pourpre (French), Roter Scheinsonnenhut (German), Echinacija Purpurovaja (Transliterated Russian), Röd Rudbeckia (Swedish) Synonyms Rudbeckia purpurea (basionym), Rudbeckia purpurea var. purpurea, Brauneria purpurea, Echinacea intermedia, Echinacea purpurea var. purpurea, Echinacea serotina, Echinacea speciosa, Helichroa purpurea Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Tribe: Heliantheae Genus: Echinacea [图片]Flower Color: Light purple and brown Bloom Time: Spring to late summer Description Echinacea purpurea is a herbaceous perennial with coarsely hairy, ovate or lance-shaped leaves, up to 47 inches (1.2 m) tall and up to 10 inches (25 cm) wide at maturity. Depending on the climate, it blooms throughout spring to late summer. The solitary flower-heads are up to 4.7 inches (12 cm) across with slightly reflexed, light purple rays and brown central disk. Its individual flowers (florets) within the flower head are hermaphroditic, having both male and female organs on each flower. It is pollinated by butterflies and bees. [图片]How to Grow and Care Coneflowers are often listed as drought tolerant, but they will do much better with regular water. I leave the plants standing through winter, to feed the birds. Shearing them back in the spring will result in bushier plants that bloom longer into the season. Deadheading is the primary maintenance required with Coneflowers. They are prolific bloomers and keeping them deadheaded will keep them in bloom all summer. Luckily each flower remains in bloom for several weeks. Flowers start blooming from the top of the stem. As the initial flower fades, more side shoots and buds will form along the stem. Keep the plants deadheaded and you’ll keep getting more flowers. If you don’t want to start your own seeds, there are plenty of varieties available for purchase as plants, especially through mail order. Plants can also be divided or grown from stem cuttings. Coneflower can be planted in either spring or fall. Be sure to allow for good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. Origin Native to eastern North America.

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Scientific Name Echinacea angustifolia DC. [图片]Common Names Black Sampson, Black Sampson Echinacea, Echinacea, Kansas Snakeroot, Narrow-Leaf Echinacea, Narrow-Leaved Purple Coneflower, Narrow-Leaf Purple Coneflower, Narrow-Leaf-Coneflower Synonyms Brauneria angustifolia, Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia, Echinacea pallida var. angustifolia Scientific Classification Family: Asteraceae Tribe: Heliantheae Genus: Echinacea Description Echinacea angustifolia has a hollow stem that reaches a height up to 28 inches (70 cm) with spindle-shaped taproots that are often branched. The leaves are narrow, oblong and covered with tiny hairs. Ray flowers are up to 1.5 inches (4 cm) long, spreading or drooping, light pink to pale purple. The disk flowers are 5-lobed, brownish-purple, and situated among stiff bracts. [图片]Flower Color: Pink to purple Bloom Time: Late spring to mid summer [图片]How to Grow and Care Coneflowers are often listed as drought tolerant, but they will do much better with regular water. I leave the plants standing through winter, to feed the birds. Shearing them back in the spring will result in bushier plants that bloom longer into the season. Deadheading is the primary maintenance required with Coneflowers. They are prolific bloomers and keeping them deadheaded will keep them in bloom all summer. Luckily each flower remains in bloom for several weeks. Flowers start blooming from the top of the stem. As the initial flower fades, more side shoots and buds will form along the stem. Keep the plants deadheaded and you’ll keep getting more flowers. If you don’t want to start your own seeds, there are plenty of varieties available for purchase as plants, especially through mail order. Plants can also be divided or grown from stem cuttings. Coneflower can be planted in either spring or fall. Be sure to allow for good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases. Origin Native to Canada and United States.

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#剑兰 即唐菖蒲，是有名的家庭观赏花卉之一，那么剑兰常见的病虫害主要有哪些病症呢，本文主要介绍剑兰球茎腐烂病、剑兰细菌性疮痂病等病症及其防治方法。 剑兰养殖的病虫害防治： [图片]1、剑兰球茎腐烂病 【症状】病害主要发生在植株下部组织。感病球茎出现4-6mm的黄至黑褐色的下陷病斑，边缘稍隆起，呈溃疡状。叶基受害后常有少数明显的黑斑；叶鞘感染则出现暗褐色水渍状斑纹；叶片发病后则黄化凋萎。环境干燥时，病部腐烂干枯；湿润的条件下，病部组织软化消解，有时还有细菌脓液溢出，最后仅残留维管束组织的纤维，此时，茎干易被折断。 【防治方法】 1.优选栽培地和加强肥水管理。避免在发病区连作，最好用生石灰或甲醛消毒土壤；施用草木灰和磷肥作基肥，及时排除圃地积水。 2.种球处理。选用无病种球，经1000倍商锰酸押液消毒后栽植；收获的种球要严格挑选，淘汰病球。 3.清除侵染来源。发现病株应及时铲除烧毁，并消毒邻近土壤。 2、剑兰细菌性疮痂病 [图片]【症状】该病主要发生在植株下部组织。发病初期，感病球茎出现水渍状病斑，病斑淡黄色，以后病斑下陷，后期呈褐色至黑褐色，边缘隆起疮痴状。湿度大时，病斑上有黄褐色胶状菌脓，并黏连外皮及土粒，严重时球茎和茎基部腐烂。叶基发病常产生红色降起的斑点，叶鞘感病则出现暗褐色水溃状斑纹，扩展后呈长条形斑，病郎组织软腐，最后残留维管束纤维，植株叶片铕化凋萎，或植株易被折断或倒折枯死。在干燥条件下，病部呈腐烂干枯状。 【防治方法】 1.选用无病种球繁殖，发现病株及时铲除，并消毒土壤。 2.加强管理。应避免病地连作；种植时可进行种球消毒，用1000倍高锰酸钾液浸泡。收获种球应严格挑选健康的，然后再贮藏。基肥中加人草木灰，磷肥为好。田地应及时排除渍水，培育健壮苗木。 3.发病初或采花后，喷施68%农用链霉素可溶性水剂2000倍液，连续2-3次，效果较好。

Scientific Name Echeveria globulosa Moran [图片]Scientific Classification Family: Crassulaceae Subfamily: Sedoideae Tribe: Sedeae Subtribe: Sedinae Genus: Echeveria [图片]Flower Color: Оrange-yellow Bloom Time: Spring to fall Description Echeveria globulosa is a cute succulent plant with compact rosettes with fleshy, pointed leaves. Spreads easily to form a low growing, compact clump or cluster. The rosettes are up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter and the cluster won’t grow taller than 6 inches (15 cm). Leaves are a pale blue and can be blushed with pink. Brightly colored orange-yellow flowers grow on short stems above the rosettes. [图片]How to Grow and Care Most of the common Echeveria species are not complicated succulents to grow, provided you follow a few basic rules. First, be careful never to let water sit in the rosette as it can cause rot or fungal diseases that will kill the plant. Additionally, remove dead leaves from the bottom of the plant as it grows. These dead leaves provide a haven for pests, and Echeveria are susceptible to mealy bugs. As with all succulents, careful watering habits and plenty of light will help ensure success. Repot as needed, preferably during the warm season. To repot a succulent, make sure the soil is dry before repotting, then gently remove the pot. Knock away the old soil from the roots, making sure to remove any rotted or dead roots in the process. Treat any cuts with a fungicide. Place the plant in its new pot and backfill with potting soil, spreading the roots out as you repot. Leave the plant dry for a week or so, then begin to water lightly to reduce the risk of root rot. Most Echeveria can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings, although a few are better from seeds or stem cuttings. To propagate a leaf cutting, place the individual leaf in a succulent or cacti mix and cover the dish until the new plant sprouts. Origin Native to Mexico (Oaxaca).

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#彩叶草 是一种喜光耐寒植物，那么彩叶草可以说是花卉养殖过程中出现常见病虫害最为严重的植物之一了。彩叶草病虫害防治主要分为幼苗期防治、生长期防治。那么下面我们就来了解下吧。 [图片]1．彩叶草幼苗期防治 暖棚内高温高湿的环境极适于多种病原菌的繁殖，而发病最重、危害最大的是立枯病，它是由镰刀菌、丝核菌、腐霉菌共同引发的。一般在彩叶草小苗出土20天左右发生最严重，土壤带菌是发病的主要原因。其表现症状有：植株立枯、猝倒及腐烂。此时要控制浇水，适当通风，在幼苗出土后，喷洒绿亨1号、绿亨2号进行药剂防治。 2．彩叶草生长期防治 (1)彩叶草常见病害及防治方法 彩叶草灰霉病：这是彩叶草常见的真菌病害，病害为灰葡萄孢菌，可危害叶、茎、花及果实。叶片受害初期呈水渍状斑点并逐渐扩大变成褐色、黑褐色软腐。花蕾也如此。当湿度大时，病部长出灰色霉状物，此病极易反复，所以对灰霉病的防治必须持之以恒。在养护管理上要少施氮肥，在药剂防治上要选用农利灵、施佳乐、灰霉克、雷多米尔等。 彩叶草疫病：也是一种真菌性病害，从花的根部、茎基部侵入。早期患病部位呈水渍状暗绿色斑点，可发展成黑褐色斑块，严重时整株茎部变黑、腐烂，使皮层的疏导功能失调，最终导致植株死亡。发现此病可选择霜疫速康、安泰生、代森锰锌、雷多米尔等进行喷洒防治。 彩叶草菌核病：它是由核盘菌侵染所致。病菌也是从茎基部侵入，患病部位初期出现淡褐色水渍状斑点，并向茎和叶柄蔓延；腐烂，潮湿时病部生出白色棉絮状的菌丝体。此病可选用五氯硝基苯、菌核净、菌杀净进行喷杀防治。 彩叶草白绢病：病菌主要从植株的茎部和根部侵入。多在茎基部发病，患病部位呈褐色腐烂并在病部长出白色绢丝状物。可选用5％多菌灵1000倍液喷洒根际土壤进行防治。 [图片]彩叶草细菌性软腐病：患病部位初期呈水渍状，而后变褐色进而成粘滑软腐状，在软腐的组织内混有白色、黄色或灰褐色糊状粘稠物并能发出恶臭味。药剂防治可用农用链霉素，用其喷洒病株和根际土壤。 疫病、菌核病、白绢病和细菌性软腐病其症状有相似之处，要认真分析。它们从栽培管理上虽然都是节制浇水，适当通风，但药剂防治均有所不同。 彩叶草白粉病：危害花的嫩叶、花蕾和花梗。先是在受害部位出现白色粉斑，逐步布满形成一层白色粉状物。受害部位弯曲畸形、花小花少以至不开花。常在瓜叶菊、凤仙花、月季等植物上发现此病。药剂防治可选用甲托、福星等。 彩叶草锈病：此病常发生于叶片、果实和枝干，在菊花上常见，患病部位有橘黄色至深褐色粉堆、疤状物或毛状物。可用粉锈宁、甲托、多菌灵、福星等药剂防治。 黑斑病、褐斑病：这两种病主要危害叶片，要节制浇水、降低湿度，药剂防治可用百菌清、甲托。 病毒病：是一种由极微小的寄生物引发的病害，受害植株易出现扭曲、卷叶、矮小等症状。防治药剂为捷毒康、小叶敌和病毒A混合喷、W2000等。 (2)彩叶草常见虫害及防治方法 红蜘蛛：发生于高温、低湿的环境，受害部位失绿有灰黄色斑点，最后叶片枯落。药剂防治可选用乐果、氧化乐果、贝乐霸、天王星、敌敌畏等。 蚜虫：多在叶片背面吸取花卉养分，使叶片变色、卷曲。药剂防治可选用敌敌畏、乐果、一遍清、康福多等。 介壳虫：种类较多，虫体小，其体表常覆盖有蜡质介壳。药剂防治可选用速杀介、氧化乐果、敌敌畏。 粉虱：体小，白色，飞翔力不强，受害叶片枯黄脱落。可选用敌杀死、乐果、氧化乐果、敌敌畏喷雾等进行防治，斑潜蝇：幼虫钻入花卉的叶肉里把叶片穿成一道道弯弯曲曲的黄白色隧道。从5月份开始危害，持续到8月份。可根灌40％氧化乐果乳油1000倍液进行防治。

Scientific Name Echeveria elegans Rose [图片]Common Names Mexican Snow Ball, Mexican Snowball, Mexican Gem, White Mexican Rose, Hens and Chicks, Pearl Echeveria Synonyms Echeveria tinctoria, Echeveria tinctorum Scientific Classification Family: Crassulaceae Subfamily: Sedoideae Tribe: Sedeae Subtribe: Sedinae Genus: Echeveria [图片]Flower Color: Pink and yellow Bloom Time: Late winter and spring Description Echeveria elegans is a stemless or short-stemmed, clump-forming succulent evergreen perennial, growing up to 4 inches (10 cm) tall and up to 20 inches (50 cm) wide, with tight rosettes of pale green-blue fleshy leaves, bearing up to 10 inches (25 cm) long slender pink stalks of pink flowers with yellow tips in late winter and spring. [图片]How to Grow and Care Most of the common Echeveria species are not complicated succulents to grow, provided you follow a few basic rules. First, be careful never to let water sit in the rosette as it can cause rot or fungal diseases that will kill the plant. Additionally, remove dead leaves from the bottom of the plant as it grows. These dead leaves provide a haven for pests, and Echeveria are susceptible to mealy bugs. As with all succulents, careful watering habits and plenty of light will help ensure success. Most Echeveria can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings, although a few are better from seeds or stem cuttings. To propagate a leaf cutting, place the individual leaf in a succulent or cacti mix and cover the dish until the new plant sprouts. Repot as needed, preferably during the warm season. To repot a succulent, make sure the soil is dry before repotting, then gently remove the pot. Origin Native to semi-desert habitats in Mexico.

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#散尾葵 是一种常绿灌木，喜欢较为湿润温和的气候，生长的环境一定要通风才好，是现代生活人们经常选择的一种作为装饰的室内花卉，还有一个名字叫黄椰子。但是散尾葵较容易得叶枯病，接下来给大家自己介绍一下散尾葵叶枯病及防治方法。 [图片]散尾葵叶枯病 散尾葵叶枯病是由真菌侵染造成的一种常见病害，对散尾葵生长影响很大，轻者使叶片干枯，重者会导致植株整株死亡。现将其发病症状、发病规律及防治方法介绍如下： 一、发病症状病菌最先侵染叶尖和叶缘，发病初期染病处呈褐色斑点或条块状斑块，中期斑点或斑块逐渐扩大并相互连接，后期叶片呈现灰白状干枯。 二、发病规律致病病菌在病株上或土壤中越冬，以分生孢子借风、雨、喷淋浇水传播，病菌从植株伤口侵入。高温、高湿及密不通风环境易患此病。 三、防治方法加强疫病检查，不引进带病植株;加强通风，发病期避免雨淋和喷淋;及时将受害枝叶剪除，阻止继续浸染，修剪后伤口涂抹达科宁药膏进行处理;如有病害发生可用70%甲基托布津800液或75%百菌清1000倍液喷洒，间隔7至10天喷施一次，连续喷3至4次，可有效控制病情。如果环境干燥、通风不良，容易发生红蜘蛛和介壳虫，故应定期用800倍氧化乐果喷洒防治。散尾葵每天可以蒸发一升水，是最好的天然"增湿器"。此外，它绿色的棕榈叶对二甲苯和甲醛有十分有效的净化作用。经常给植物喷水不仅可以使其保持葱绿，还能清洁叶面的气孔。 [图片]

Scientific Name Urtica dioica L. [图片]Common Names Nettle, Common Nettle, European Nettle, Giant Nettle, Stinging Nettle Synonyms Urtica dioica subsp. dioica, Urtica dioica var. dioica, Urtica galeopsifolia, Urtica tibetica Scientific Classification Family: Urticaceae Genus: Urtica [图片]Flower Color: Green Bloom Time: May to September Description Urtica dioica is a dioecious herbaceous perennial with straight stem up to 5 feet (1.5 m) tall. The leaves are heart-shaped, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long. The leaves and stems are very hairy with non-stinging hairs. Flowers are very small, greenish, sometimes tinged pinkish, inconspicuous, up to 0.08 inches (2 mm) long, with 4 tiny sepals and no petals. Individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. [图片]How to Grow and Care Nettles prefers rich soil with good moisture content and especially favors the edges of streams or nutrient-dense pastures. Nettle seeds are tiny, light dependant germinators that can be started indoors or out. However, select your location carefully as Nettles are very hardy and can spread quickly with the right conditions. Nettle can be assisted with stratification, but it is not necessary. To start, tamp the small seeds lightly into the soil or cover with a thin layer of soil (0.25 inch/6 mm). If starting indoors, sow in flats in late winter and transplant in early spring. Space plants approximately 8 inches (20 cm) apart. If direct sowing, seed in spring and thin as desired and plant rows 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart. It recommended to find a permanent spot with rich, moist conditions a little away from (or on the periphery of) your other herbs. Origin Native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa and North America.

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