动态第879页 - 绿手指 - 养花技巧、花生病了怎么办、花园打理和设计

2017年08月26日

Water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) are the perfect finishing touches for a garden pool or pond, adding practicality as well as beauty to a water feature. Fish use them as hiding places to escape predators and as shady retreats from the hot summer sun. Plants growing in a pond help keep the water clean and aerated, so you’ll spend less time on pond maintenance. Let’s take a look at how to grow a water lily.[图片]Water lily plants can be divided into two types: Hardy – Hardy types are best for northern climates where the water freezes in winter. As long as the roots of hardy specimens are below the level where the water freezes, they will reappear the following spring. Tropical – Tropical water lilies won’t survive in cold water and must be brought indoors for winter in all but the warmest areas. Many growers treat them as annuals, replanting them each year. Otherwise, remove them from the pond, clean them up, and store them in a bucket of moist sand in a cool basement before the first freeze. Tropical water lily plants can be further divided into two groups: day bloomers and night bloomers. White night bloomers look spectacular with nothing more than moonlight to illuminate them, but blues, purples, reds and pinks are very difficult to see in the dark. Avoid these colors unless the pond is illuminated by artificial light at night.[图片]How to Grow a Water Lily A pond or pool covered in water lilies is attractive, but complete coverage prevents light from penetrating into the water, choking out other plant and animal life. Growing water lilies in containers helps keep them from spreading and taking over a small pond and it makes water lily care much easier. When you are growing water lilies, use a large plastic pot with several holes punched in the sides and bottom. Fill the pot to within 3 inches of the top with silt, loam or clay soil and mix in a small amount of slow-release fertilizer labeled for use with aquatic soil. Plant the rhizome close to one side of the pot at a 45-degree angle with the eye pointing up. Cover the soil with a layer of pea gravel, keeping the gravel away from the top of the rhizome as much as possible. The gravel keeps the soil from floating off or washing out of the pot.[图片]Place the pot in the bottom of the pond, adjusting the depth to that recommended for your specific variety. Most call for a depth of between 6 and 18 inches. If necessary, you can raise the depth by placing the pot on top of rocks. NOTE: For those having fish in their water garden, water lilies should NOT be potted in regular potting soil, as this contains a lot of organic material that will eventually rot and foul the water. Remove any rotting organic material from your pond or water garden, as this is a breeding ground for anaerobic bacteria and pathogens and may add unwanted excess nutrients to feed algae blooms. Instead, pot water lilies, and any other pond plant, in a heavy clay soil and cover with fist sized rock, and then river rock to prevent fish from rooting around in the pot and sending the planting medium into the pond. A few simple preventative steps up front are far easier to take than trying to treat sick and dying fish later.

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2017年08月26日

Beautiful but destructive in the wrong environment, water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) are among the showiest of water garden plants. Flower stalks that grow about six inches above the foliage arise from the centers of the rosettes in spring, and by the end of spring, each plant holds as many as 20 gorgeous purple flowers. The flowers last until fall and make striking cut flowers.[图片]How to Grow Water Hyacinth Growing water hyacinth plants is easy. Once established, they require no special care except occasional thinning to keep them from choking out everything else in the pond. Under perfect conditions, a colony of water hyacinths can double its size every 8 to 12 days. Water hyacinths need full sun and hot summer temperatures. Introduce them to the garden by scattering bunches of plants over the surface of the water. They quickly take hold and begin to grow. Thin the plants when they cover more than 60 percent of the water surface. Water hyacinth plants survive winters in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 11. They are best grown as annuals in places where cold winters keep them in check by killing them back. In warmer areas, these plants do become invasive. You can overwinter them indoors in a sunny spot, but they are inexpensive to replace each year. Most gardeners don’t find them worth the trouble to keep over winter.[图片]Container Grown Water Hyacinths A half barrel is an ideal container for a water hyacinth. The plants need full sun in garden ponds, but in containers they do best if they have shade from mid to late afternoon. Cover the inside of the barrel with a heavy duty garbage bag and then place a layer of soil in the bottom of the container. Don’t use commercial potting soil, which contains fertilizers and other chemicals that may harm the plant and encourage the growth of algae. Commercial soils also contain perlite and vermiculite, which floats to the top of the container. Cover the soil with a thin layer of sand. City water is usually treated with chlorine or chloramine, which is harmful to plants. Garden centers sell products that remove the chlorine and chloramine from the water and make it safe for plants. There is no need to treat the small amounts of water that you use to top off the container through the season.[图片]You can allow the plant to float on the surface of the water, or anchor it in place by attaching one end of a length of nylon string to the plant and the other end to a brick.

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2017年08月26日

The garden offers us a variety of beautiful plants to pick and choose between. Many are selected because of their prolific fruit production, while others attract us with insurmountable beauty. Water hyacinth is one of those plants that is deceptively gorgeous, delivering a serious payload to anyone unlucky enough to plant them in warm climates. Water hyacinth in ponds seems like a great idea when you plant them, but it won’t be long before you need major help.[图片]Is Water Hyacinth Invasive? Although the brilliant purple water hyacinth isn’t yet federally listed as a noxious weed, plant and waterway experts the world over agree: this plant is bad news. The plant was initially spread because of its beautiful flowers, but the mistake of this particular decision was soon realized – after the damage couldn’t be undone. Now, water hyacinth threatens dams, waterways and wildlife across the globe, often forming dense mats so thick that a grown man can walk across them. So while it’s not legally considered invasive, water hyacinth control occupies a great deal of time in the minds of experts everywhere. These people would tell you that it’s only a matter of time before this plant is listed and regulated because of its aggressive nature.[图片]How to Control Water Hyacinth If you’ve already been drawn in by the siren song of the water hyacinth, or a former owner of your property fell hard for this plant, you know the sheer determination it can exhibit. Managing water hyacinths is no small feat, but you can rid your garden ponds of these plants for good. The most effective methods so far found to control these plants include draining ponds completely, then removing and chopping up the plant (away from the pond, as even a small piece can regrow into new water hyacinths). Water hyacinth can then be composted, provided your compost pile is far from any water sources that could be affected by runoff, or double-bagged and thrown in the trash.[图片]It may take several tries to rid your pond completely of water hyacinth, due to its weed-like behavior. If you’ve tried simply pulling this plant out of your pond in the past, without draining or cleaning the pond and equipment thoroughly, you’ve probably convinced yourself nothing will kill water hyacinth. However, by using an aggressive combination approach, you should be rid of your water hyacinth in no time.

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2017年08月26日

Swamp mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), also known as rose mallow hibiscus or swamp hibiscus, is a shrubby, moisture loving plant in the hibiscus family that provides big, showy flowers from mid-summer to autumn. The plant performs well along pond edges or other damp areas. This stunning, low-maintenance plant is available in a range of colors, including pink, peach, white, red, lavender and bi-color varieties.[图片]How to Grow Rose Mallow The easiest way to grow rose mallow is to purchase a plant at a garden center or nursery. However, growing rose mallow by seed isn’t difficult. Start seeds indoors eight to 10 weeks before the last frost in your area, or plant seeds directly in the garden after the last killing frost in spring. Rose mallow benefits from rich soil amended with at least 2 or 3 inches of compost, manure or other organic material. Locate the plant in full sunlight. Although rose mallow tolerates partial shade, too much shade may result in leggy plants that are more susceptible to insect infestations. Allow at least 36 inches of growing space between each plant. Crowding the plant inhibits air circulation which may result in leaf spots, rust or other diseases.[图片]Swamp Hibiscus Care Swamp hibiscus plants are water-loving plants that will stop blooming in dry soil. However, the plant, which dies and enters a dormant period in winter, shouldn’t be watered until it displays new growth in spring. Once the plant is actively growing, it needs a deep watering two or three times per week during warm weather. Water is especially important during the first growing season, but the plant should always be watered immediately if it shows signs of wilt.[图片]Feed rose mallow every six to eight weeks during the growing season, using a balanced, water-soluble plant fertilizer. Alternatively, use a slow-release fertilizer after the plant breaks dormancy in spring. Spread 2 or 3 inches of mulch around the plant to keep the roots moist and cool, and to keep weeds in check. Spray swamp mallow with insecticidal soap spray if the plant is damaged by pests such as aphids, whiteflies or scale.

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2017年08月26日

Pickerel rush (Pontederia cordata) is a native North American plant with a wide zone range in USDA plant hardiness zones 3 to 10. The plant may become invasive due to a rhizomous rooting system, but it is an attractive plant that bears blue spiked flowers from early summer well into fall. Pickerel rush care is easy and the tenacious plant is an unusual addition to riparian zones and along home ponds. Few tips are necessary to learn how to grow pickerel rush, but this semi-aquatic plant is worth a try if you plant it in a submerged pot to prevent unwanted spreading.[图片]About Pickerelweed Plants Pickerelweed plants are rushes that are closely related to grasses. The plants are in the family Pontederia, named after an 18th century botany professor. These plants grow in clumps with thick to flat stems. The foliage is glossy and dark green with a heart-shaped leaf and grows 24 to 30 inches high. Stems on mature plants arch gracefully on water grown plants. The flower spires are a deep to soft blue and rise several inches above the body of the rush. Decorative and useful plants for around the home water feature should include pickerel rush for ponds because of its ease of care and hardiness. When the plant is partially submerged, the floating leaves provide important shade to prevent excess algae growth. They also form a network of foliage in which fish can hide.[图片]How to Grow Pickerel Rush You can share new starts of the plant with friends easily. Divide the rhizomes in late winter to early spring. Simply dig up the plant or remove it from its pot. Use a clean sharp soil knife or pruners to cut apart the roots, leaving each piece with several healthy leaves and thick rhizomes. Replant the new clumps and they will take off quickly, increasing your pickerel weed inventory. You can also save and dry the seeds from the plant to start inside in flats in late winter. Seeded plants can take several seasons to produce the bright flowers. Caring for pickerelweeds once the seeds have germinated just requires consistent moisture and bright sunlight. Plant outside in spring.[图片]Pickerel Rush Care Negligence is the word of the day in caring for pickerelweed plants. These unfussy little rushes can tolerate almost anything except full shade and drought. Pickerels should be kept in deep pots where the roots can remain moist. You can also submerge the entire pot and just let the broad leaves float out around the plant. Pickerel rush for ponds performs best when soils are heavy and rich. Loamy soils with moderate to slightly acidic pH create the best growing conditions for the plant. Pickerelweed plants that are grown in pots thrive in potting mix blended with a good quality topsoil and peat.

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2017年08月26日

Super plant or invasive weed? The mosquito fern plant has been called both. So what is a mosquito fern? The following will uncover some fascinating mosquito fern facts and leave you to be the judge.[图片]What is a Mosquito Fern? Native to California, the mosquito fern plant, Azolla filculoides or just Azolla, is named thus due to its habitat. While the plant starts off as small as ¼ inch, mosquito fern habitat is that of a matting, aquatic plant that can double its size in a couple of days! This thick-living carpet is named mosquito fern plant because it repels mosquito attempts to lay eggs in the water. The mosquitoes may not like mosquito ferns, but the waterfowl certainly do and, in fact, this plant is an important food source for them. This floating aquatic fern, like all ferns, propagates through spores. However, Azolla also multiplies by stem fragments, making it a prolific grower.[图片]Mosquito Fern Facts The plant is sometimes mistaken for duckweed, and like duckweed, mosquito fern plant is initially green. It soon turns to a reddish-brown hue as a result of excess nutrients or bright sunlight. A red or green carpet of mosquito fern is most often found in ponds or muddy banks, or in areas of standing water in streams. The plant has a symbiotic relationship with another organism called Anabeana azollae; this organism is a nitrogen-fixing cyanobactrium. The bacterium resides safely in the fern and supplies it with the excess nitrogen it produces. This relationship has long been utilized in China and other Asian countries as a “green manure” to fertilize rice paddies. This centuries old method has been known to increase production by as much as 158%! So far, I think you will agree that this is a “super plant.” However, for some people, there is a down side. Because mosquito plant breaks apart so easily and, thereby, reproduces rapidly, it may become a problem. When there is an excess of nutrients introduced into the pond or irrigation water, either due to runoff or erosion, mosquito plant will seemingly explode in size overnight, clogging screens and pumps. Additionally, it is said that cattle will not drink from ponds that are clogged with mosquito fern. Now this “super plant” is more an “invasive weed.”[图片]If the mosquito fern plant is more of a thorn in your side than a boon, you can try dragging or raking the pond to rid it of the plant. Keep in mind that any broken stems will likely multiply into new plants and the problem will likely repeat itself. If you can figure out a way to mitigate the amount of runoff to lessen the nutrients entering the pond, you can slow down mosquito fern’s growth somewhat. Of last resort is spraying Azolla with an herbicide. This isn’t highly recommended, as it only affects a small portion of the mat of fern and the resulting rotting plant can affect water quality.

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2017年08月26日

If you’re in need of a good, easy-care plant that enjoys plenty of moisture, then growing lizard’s tail swamp lily may be just what you desire. Keep reading for lizard’s tail information and care.[图片]Lizard’s Tail Information Lizard’s tail plants (Saururus cernuus), also known as lizard’s tail swamp lilies and Saururus lizard’s tail, are perennial plants that can grow up to 4 feet tall. They have a hairy stem with very few, if any, branches. Leaves are large and heart-shaped. Found in marshes, along the banks of ponds and streams, it is not uncommon to see some of the plant growing under water. This provides habitats for small aquatic invertebrates, which draw fish and other species. In addition, after the plant dies, it is decomposed by fungi and bacteria which provide food for aquatic invertebrates. This interesting plant produces white aromatic flowers on top of the hairy stems opposite the top leaf. The flower structure is a spike with lots of small white flowers that form an arch. The seeds form a structure that looks similar to a wrinkled lizard’s tail. This water-loving species has an orange aroma and spreads by rhizomes to form colonies.[图片]Growing Lizard’s Tail Swamp Lily If you have a boggy area in your yard, a small pond, or even a shallow pool of water, that receives part shade, a lizard’s tail plant may be a great option. It is an herbaceous perennial that grows best in USDA plant hardiness zones 4 through 11. Considered a good plant for beginner gardeners, Saururus lizard’s tail is not difficult to plant or care for.[图片]Lizard’s Tail Care This plant requires extremely little attention once planted. It spreads by rhizomes and can be divided by root propagation. No special care is needed to over winter this plant, and it is not susceptible to bugs or disease. As long as it receives plenty of water and partial sun, it will thrive.

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2017年08月26日

Hydrilla is an invasive aquatic weed. It was introduced to the United States as an aquarium plant but escaped cultivation and is now a serious weed. Controlling hydrilla weeds is necessary to prevent diminishment of native flora. In most states, it is illegal to possess or transport the species. The plant grows rapidly, spreads easily and out competes native vegetation. It also fouls waterways with its thick tangled mats of stems. The plant is a federally listed noxious weed. Read on to learn more.[图片]What is Hydrilla? Hydrilla management is the responsibility of pond and lake denizens. What is hydrilla? The plant is often confused with our native Elodea, but it has one or more teeth on the underside of the midrib. This gives the plant a rough feel when you drag your hand down the length of the stem. The plant is native to Africa, Australia and parts of Asia but has managed to take over many areas of our native flora here in the U.S. The plant is of greatest concern in the southern states but has managed to migrate in small populations to the western regions. It has also been discovered in some northern and Midwest regions. Identification is the first step to eradication. Hydrilla is a perennial plant with dense mats of stems that grow in water over 20 feet in depth. Stems are snaky and numerous, floating in a tangle on the surface of the water. Leaves are narrow with some serration, 1/8 to 3/8 inch long and have spines on the underside of the midrib.[图片]This plant reproduces by seed which is carried on the water but also by fragmentation. Any tiny bit of the plant that is broken off has the capacity to become another plant. In areas with aquatic recreation, plants are consistently torn up to perpetuate the problem. One positive note of hydrilla plant information is its contribution as habitat for fish and animals. Initially, the plant has beneficial effects on fishing areas but, over time, the low oxygen levels in the mats do not support the growth of local animals.[图片]How to Kill Hydrilla Aquatic and wildlife managers have discovered how difficult hydrilla management can be. This is because of its ease of spread and reproduction. Controlling hydrilla weeds is an issue of concern in most of the United States and has become an economic problem in some regions. As early as the 1980s, $49 million was spent on hydrilla management. The numbers have since increased until infestations have become a budgetary burden in those localities with the highest populations of the plant. It is now known that cold tolerance is another aspect of hydrilla plant information, a detail that makes management even more challenging.[图片]Methods of Controlling Hydrilla Weeds Dredging and hand pulling or trawling are not effective strategies. This is because of the ease with which the plant establishes itself from small fragments. Stem fragments with only one node can form roots and shoots in just a couple of days. Physical control such as lowering water levels, adding aquatic dye or covering the surface of the water to reduce light have minimal effect. Drained ponds may respond to granular herbicides applied to the mud to eliminate tubers. Grass carp have been introduced in some areas and are efficient at eating and removing some of the plants.[图片]Chemical control is the most effective but cannot be used where there is drinking water. Copper, when mixed with other herbicides, is a useful tool but care must be used around fish. Other chemicals include diquat, endothall, fluridone and dichlobenil. Each of these has extensive hazards and should be applied by a professional or by use of approved formulas recommended for aquatic management. Apply all cautions and respect the instructions regarding application methods and rates completely.

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2017年08月26日

Pass by any lake, pond, river or marsh that has been left to Mother Nature’s attention and you’ll find cattails (Typha latifolia). Ask anyone responsible for maintaining these same areas as part of an artificial landscape (like a garden) and opinions on those cattail plants or cattail control will be either “Aren’t they wonderful!” or “#@*&! weeds!” Unfortunately, both opinions have valid reasoning. When it comes to landscaping a natural pond (any natural body of water within your landscape), be careful. Cattails for the pond can be both a headache and a delight, but learning how to control cattails can tip the scales dramatically in their favor.[图片]The Good Side of Cattail Plants From a naturalist’s point of view, cattail plants are a wonder of nature where every part of the plant can be used to benefit a variety of species, including humans. These perennials are tall sturdy plants that can grow to almost 10 feet tall (2 meters). They have heavy, rhizomatous roots; long, flat leaves and long, cylindrical brown flower spikes that can add height and texture to the aquatic garden and will grow anywhere that supplies a constant source of water. Underwater, they provide a safe haven for tiny fish and attract many of the smaller aquatic creatures that birds and other wildlife feed on. They create a shelter from winter cold and wind for mammals and birds and a source of nesting material with their leaves and seeds. If you want to attract a wide variety of wildlife into your landscape, consider cattails for the pond. Humans have always benefited from the lowly cattail. Plants have been used for rush bottom furniture, baskets and mats. The downy seeds have been used to stuff pillows and mattresses and during World War II were used to stuff life jackets.[图片]Native Americans were experts in using every part of the plant, not only for stuffing or the waterproof qualities of the leaf, but as a reliable food source. All parts of the cattail plant, from the roots to the flower heads are edible. The rootstock can be boiled or roasted, or dried and ground into a powdery flour. The center of the stalks is thick and starchy and the flower heads can be roasted for a nutty tasting treat. Cattail plants have industrial uses as well. Plant parts can be distilled into ethyl alcohol for antifreeze or an inexpensive solvent and the stems produce a sizing for shaving cream. What a versatile plant! And yet… [图片]Tips on How to Control Cattails Cattails for the pond come with a set of problems you may not want to deal with. Learning how to control cattails is a must, as these hardy plants can take over a pond in a matter of a few years. The reason for this lies in the reproductive capabilities of the cattail. Plants produce those wonderful, velvety ‘tails’. These are the flower heads and each head produces around 300,000 seeds, each equipped with its own little parachute to be borne on the wind. On a calm day, these little fluffs will fall straight to the ground around the parent plant and germinate quickly. Plucking those seed heads before they ripen won’t help, however. Those rhizomatous roots produce their own sets of offspring, eventually forming dense mats. Cattail control, therefore, is essential to the health and well-being of your pond and landscape. The good news is there are several methods available to the home gardener for how to control cattails, so hopefully one of them will appeal to you.[图片]The first method of cattail control involves the application of herbicides. There are two chemicals, diquat and glyphosate, that are both effective and approved for aquatic use. Diquat is a contact herbicide. It will kill the green part of the plant, but not the root. It’s easy to use, but you’ll have to use it every year. Glyphosate is a systemic herbicide and will kill the root, although it may take several weeks to do the job. Your gardening or pond supply source should be able to help you find the brand names that contain these chemicals. The next methods of how two control cattails are considered mechanical. Choice one is to dig them up! This isn’t as easy as it sounds. Those cattail plants have massive root systems. For larger areas of overgrowth, a back-hoe may be needed. Another alternative is the drowning method, which can only be used if the plants’ bases are completely submerged underwater. All you have to do is cut the plants off two or three inches below the water surface. This deprives the plant of the air it needs and it will drown.[图片]Growing Cattails in a Pot Growing cattails in a pot is another method to consider when deciding on how to control your cattails. This is particularly suitable for the small natural pond or an artificial (plastic or rubber-lined) one. Growing cattails in pots eliminates root spread, keeping your plants in a confined space. Clay pots are ideal for this. They have the weight to keep them upright when submerged and can be partially buried in a boggy area. Their downside is their susceptibility to cracking under freezing conditions. Growing cattails in pots will not, however, totally eliminate propagation. Don’t forget those fluffy little seeds! You’ll still need to be vigilant in your cattail control.

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2017年08月26日

Cattails are familiar majestic plants seen en masse in roadside ditches, flooded areas and marginal sites. The plants are a high nutrient food source for birds and animals, and provide nesting material for water birds. The sword-like leaves and characteristic inflorescence are unmistakable and present an architectural profile that is familiar to most people. Several species are native to North America, which gardeners may grow in their home ponds, water features or water gardens. Container cattail care is easy in most zones and produces a memorable display for almost the entire year.[图片]Information About Potted Cattails Cattails will spread rapidly in the correct situation, which is why you see them spread out in a sea of leaves and cone-like catkins. Growing cattails in pots will prevent them from invading other areas of the pond or garden. Potted cattails keep the rampant rhizomes from extending to unwanted areas. Since native varieties can get up to 6 feet in height, dwarf varieties are available which work better in container water gardens. Container grown cattail plants are available online or at pond and water garden supply centers. They come as rhizome starts or already sprouted in permeable baskets.[图片]How to Grow Cattail in Containers This bog plant is suitable for USDA zones 3 to 9 and can be brought indoors in containers to overwinter if necessary. The plants perform best in full sun to partial shade in soggy soil or up to 12 inches of water. The cattail starts you can purchase may be bare root, in water garden baskets or sprouted in shallow pots. Shipped plants take a while to take off and may take a season or two before you see the summer catkins that are such a recognizable aspect of these water plants. Start growing cattails in pots in spring when ambient temperatures have warmed to 60 F. (15 C.), or sit them in water indoors to get the rhizomes to sprout then move them outdoors.[图片]Container Cattail Care Cattails grow rapidly and will start to sprout as soon as they are installed and conditions warm outside. Plant them in 1-gallon containers, which are stout and not readily breakable. They have to contain the rhizomes as they develop and grow. Submerge the pot in water up to the rim or alternately, use a webbed water garden basket which holds the rhizomes suspended inside. Container grown cattail plants need little care once they establish. In colder climates, the foliage dies back so you should cut the dead leaves away to make room for new growth in spring. The catkins disperse fuzzy white seeds in fall. If you wish to prevent spread of the plant by this method, cut off the catkins as they loosen and begin to dry and form seed. Fertilize in early spring with a balanced liquid fertilizer or water plant food. Once every three years, remove the rhizomes and cut the plant into sections. You can replant the sections for new plants and share them with other water garden lovers.

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