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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
The genus Echinocactus (Barrel Cactus) includes about six species of barrel cacti that are native to Mexico and the southeastern United States. These are true desert plants that cannot handle any humidity or standing water to grow. The most common among these plants are almost perfectly round when juvenile, so therefore make excellent display plants. They are also highly attractive with their rows of spines of their deeply ribbed lobes. As they grow, it’s not uncommon for them to stretch out so they look more like ovals than circles. As with most cacti, the secret to their successful growth indoors is nearly perfect drainage, as opposed to letting them dry out.
Growing Conditions Light: Full sun. Barrel Cactus do best in a very sunny window, perhaps a southern exposure. Plants that do not get enough sunlight will grow more slowly and fail to thrive. Water: Water infrequently and ensure that the soil drains completely. Do not leave any water sitting in the tray or allow them to sit in water. They are very prone to root rot. Soil: A cactus soil mix is ideal. If you use a reagular peat-based mix, be sure to add sand or extra perlite to enhance drainage and repot the plant when the soil begins to break down.. Fertilizer: Feed with a weak liquid cactus fertilizer throughout the growing season.
Propagation Barrel Cactus are typically propagated by seed. Mature cactus will bloom in the summer with flowers that grow in whorls around the top of the plant. To seed a cactus, plant the seeds shallowly in a cactus mix and keep them warm and very slightly moist.
Repotting It’s best to repot in the beginning of the growing season, or summer. To repot a cacti, make sure the soil is dry before repotting, then gently remove the pot. Knock away the old soil from the roots, making sure to remove any rotted or dead roots in the process. Treat any cuts with a fungicide. Place the plant in its new pot and backfill with potting soil, spreading the roots out as you repot. Leave the plant dry for a week or so, then begin to water lightly to reduce the risk of root rot.
Grower’s Tips Overall, these are very attractive cacti for dish gardens or indoor display. A collection of them is especially attractive, as they look like a collection of balls tossed upon the ground. It’s critical, however, to never let these cactus be exposed to prolonged periods in water, or even very high humidity. They will suffer from rot in the presence of humidity. Echinocactus are vulnerable to pests including aphids, mealy bugs, scale, and white fly. If possible, identify the infestation as early as possible and treat with the leave toxic option.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
First let’s clarify some terminology. All cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti. While both cacti and succulents have thick fleshy parts which have the ability to store moisture for use when times are tough, the similarity ends there. A true cactus has an areole. It looks like a patch of cotton from which spines, flowers, and roots grow. While some succulents may have spines, they do not have areoles.
Although some succulents are winter hardy, many are native to warmer worlds and are quite content as easy-care houseplants. All they need is a bright, sunny location, proper temperature, and occasional watering. Succulents are happy next to southern exposure windows or near fluorescent lights. The growth cycles of cacti and succulents are usually in response to water and temperature. Most go dormant during the fall and winter when temperatures are cooler and moisture and light levels are low. They do their best growth in summer. Even though cacti and succulents can tolerate dry conditions for extended periods, they appreciate some water especially during their active growth period. Soil should be watered thoroughly but allowed to dry for a few days. Be sure to use a well-drained cactus soil mix. In winter keep dormant plants on the dry side for longer periods. Overwatering dormant succulents can lead to rotting of the plant’s stems or roots. Dormant plants prefer temperatures between 45 and 55 degrees F. Flower buds are more likely to form at cooler temperatures. Areas next to windows often provide the perfect growing environment during the winter and can satisfy the cool temperature requirement. Normal room temperatures will not harm the plant but cold helps to promote flowers.
Most cacti and succulents have their active growth cycle during the spring and summer. Plants with this growth cycle include the Echinocactus, Ferocactus, Opuntia, and Parodia. During the summer, cacti and succulents like to be outdoors. Locate them where they get light shade and keep them watered. Unusual is the operative word when describing cacti and succulents. One look at the variety of sizes, textures, and colors will make a fanatic succulent collector out of many gardeners. A few succulents are good starter plants for their ease of maintenance. The Mammillarias or Pin Cushion cacti are commonly sold. Their silky hairs give rise to names such as Bird Nest Cactus, Old Lady Cactus, and Feather Cactus. They flower readily with a halo of white to pink flowers.
One of my favorites for their architectural look is the Aeoniums. These succulents grow in flat pinwheels in colors of green, bronze, or silver. One quick look at Lithops reveals the source of their other name – Living Stones. In contrast to other succulents their dry dormant period is summer. With the proper care daisy-like flowers may appear in November or December through “cracks in the stones”. If you love weird and wonderful, cacti and succulents are your perfect pet rocks.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
The Echinocereus is closely related to the popular Echinocactus. Mostly native to the southern United States and Mexico, there are about 75 species of this pretty little cactus, a few of which sometimes find their way into garden centers. To further confuse you, they are often called Hedgehog Cactus, a name that is sometimes applied to other squat, globular cacti not in the Echinocereus genus, such as the Echinopsis. Among cactus growers, Echinocereus are known for being a bit easier than some of their fussier cousins. Some members of this genus can be found far to the north, growing in quite cold areas. In terms of their presentation, Echninocereus have a very wide range of shapes and sizes, ranging from small balls with spines to thin columns. Like other cacti, the Echinocereus have beautiful flowers.
Growing Conditions Light: Echinocereus need bright light to perform their best. If you can provide nearly full sun, as in a western window, they will appreciate it. Plants that are grown in dim conditions are unlikely to flower well and will not thrive. Although these are cold tolerant, most of the popular species need relatively warm temperatures to grow their best. Water: Good drainage is essential for health. During the summer, water the cactus every two weeks or slightly less often, depending on how moist the soil remains. In the winter rest period, cut watering back to once a month, or in humid areas, not at all. Fertilizer: During the summer, regular doses of a cactus fertilizer will help it grow its best. Use diluted fertilizer for best results. Soil: A typical cactus mix is perfect. Some references say these plants can handle a slightly richer soil than other types of cactus, but it’s never a bad idea to err on the side of caution.
Propagation Echinocereus can be propagated either through offsets or by seed. To take an offset, remove the small plantlet, then let dry until a callous forms on the cut. Carefully plant the cutting in a cactus soil and keep warm and just barely moist under new growth emerges. These plants can also be reproduced from seed. Plant the seeds in a shallow mix and keep them warm and slightly damp. Germination takes place in about two weeks.
Repotting Echinocereus are slow growing cactus that should only need repotting every other year or so. You can prolong the time to repotting by removing plantlets and potting them up in their own pots. When repotting a cactus, carefully remove it from its pot and knock away any clumped soil. These plants tend to be shallow-rooted with weak root systems, so take care not to damage their roots.
Grower’s Tips If you can successfully grow other globular cactus, you can most likely grow Echinocereus well. One of the key factors in success with these is avoiding any hint of wet soil. Because their root systems are weak, they are especially prone to root rot, which will eventually kill your plant. Otherwise, they thrive on a program of strong, bright light; slight water; and a steady diet of light fertilizer. Echinocereus is vulnerable to mealybugs and aphids.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
Aeoniums are odd looking succulents, with long, arching stems and rosettes of leaves that can often look fake. You’d be forgiven if you had to touch one to tell if it was real or rubbery plastic. There are about 35 species and most are native to the Canary Islands and like a Mediterranean climate – not too hot, not too cold, not too dry. The plants form fleshy rosettes and you will notice a similarity between Aeoniums and several other succulent plants, most noticeably Echeveria and Sempervivum. Aeoniums can be low growers or branched plants that grow into shrubs.
Growing Conditions Water: Aeoniums do not like really hot or dry weather. They may go dormant in summer and do not require any water, except in very dry conditions. In extreme heat, their leaves will curl, to prevent excessive water loss. Growing them in moist shade will keep them growing, but their true growth season is winter to spring, when temperatures are cool (65–75˚F / 18–24˚C) and damp. In the winter, water whenever the soil has dried out. Test by poking your finger down into the soil an inch or two. Too much moisture or allowing them to sit in wet soil will cause root rot. Soil: A sandy loam or regular potting mix is better than a mix specifically for cacti and succulents, since Aeonium need some moisture. If you are growing them in containers, repot every 2 –3 years with fresh potting soil. Fertilizer: Feed during the growing season with a half strength balanced fertilizern , every month or so. Do not feed while dormant.
General Care If you have the proper growing conditions, Aeonium will take care of themselves and actually thrive on neglect. Otherwise your major task will be moving them from hot sun to shade and back again, or moving them indoors when the temperature drops too low. Aeonium have underdeveloped root systems, since they store their water in their leaves and stems. The have the ability to produce roots along their stems, which you may notice if the plant gets pot bound or the stems falls and touches soil. Leggy branches do tend to fall over and snap off, from the weight of the rosettes. If this happens, you can repot the broken stem. Most Aeoniums die after flowering. If the plant has produced side shoots, they will live on. If not, the entire plant will die off. You can start new plants from the seed.
Pests and Problems Few pests bother Aeoniums. Slugs can do some damage and the occasional bird may take a bite.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
Ferocactus, commonly called Barrel Cactus, lives anywhere from 50 to 130 years. It begins with a globular shape when young and eventually becomes more cylindrical, slowly reaching anywhere from 2 to 10 feet tall and 1.5 to 3 feet wide, depending on the species. Native to the American Southwest and Mexico, barrel cactus produces long thorns along its many ribs and bright 3-inch, cup-shaped blossoms in yellow and orange from mid-spring into summer. It grows best in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 10.
Growing Conditions Light: Choose a planting location that receives direct sun during all or most of the day. Because Ferocactus eventually leans into the sun instead of growing precisely upright and because it has extremely sharp thorns, place it where people will not brush into it accidentally. Soil: Plant your cactus in early spring before new roots begin to form in late June and early July. The roots may appear dry, but that is typical before new growth begins. Dig a hole deep enough for the plant’s roots and amend it as needed to provide fast-draining soil. A good soil mixture includes 10 percent native soil, 45 percent washed sand or pumice and 45 percent compost. Ferocactus thrives in poor and arid soil. Water the cactus at the time of planting to anchor it into the soil. Water again only if the weather in your area is unseasonably dry and if normal spring or winter rainfall doesn’t occur.
General Care Water after it is established only during unseasonable drought conditions. Otherwise, rainfall provides the only irrigation necessary. In fact, Ferocactus needs a dormant period with dry soil during the winter. Drape Ferocactus with burlap or other fabric if a heavy frost is predicted in your area, as it is sensitive and could be damaged by cold temperatures. Mulch your cactus with decomposed granite or small pebbles for decorative purposes to mimic the plant’s native habitat. Ferocactus is naturally fire-resistance and mulching with stone increases the fire-resistance of your entire landscape.
Tip Ferocactus thrives with no fertilizer.
Warning Like all succulents, Ferocactus will die if overwatered.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
Resembling large sewing pincushions, Barrel Cacti (Ferocactus) offer intimidating spines across a ribbed, spherical body for a home desert landscape. Although Barrel Cacti may look mundane throughout the year with their basic green bodies and variable spine colors, their blooms burst forth each year with a neon brilliance that is hard to miss. Blooming periods for the Barrel Cactus range broadly based on local environmental conditions.
Time Range Barrel Cacti bloom during the spring and summer, typically between April and September. The long daylight hours stimulate the cactus’s body growth, as well as its reproduction. Brightly colored flowers attract bees for pollination; the resulting fruits become food for local wildlife and subsequently spread the cactus’s seed throughout the area. Typically, the fall and winter months are dormant periods for the Barrel Cactus. Cactus growth halts itself throughout this time period until spring and long daylight hours reappear the next year.
Light Factors Blooming can be affected by too much or too little sunlight. Barrel Cacti must have full sunlight throughout the spring and summer to produce the gorgeous blooms that reside on the top of the plant, but blooming can be stunted when the plant is not properly acclimated to a sunny area. Houseplants placed outside after a shady winter can fail to bloom since they can become sunburned across their green bodies; the plant should be slowly introduced into the sunlight rather than thrust out into 12 hours of constant light. In contrast, a Barrel Cactus that remains in the shade throughout the entire year does not produce a ring of blossoms that resembles a crown. The cactus may not flower at all or simply produce flower buds without opening.
Water Factors Cacti are known for their acclimation to drought conditions; their ribs expand with water for storage and contract as the water is consumed throughout the dry period. However, a cactus that has truly shriveled up from lack of water does not have the strength to produce the large blooms; the intricate blossoms require a lot of energy from the plant to cultivate and open. A Barrel Cactus that retains a normal amount of water from infrequent waterings should be able to bloom within the normal spring and summer periods.
Soil Considerations Although acclimating to many soil types, the Barrel Cactus depends on a well-drained and rich soil structure to produce blossoms. Fertilizing during the growing months with a 5-10-5 ratio mixture will also help amend the soil for spectacular blossoms. The numbers represent the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the product. The higher phosphorus amount promotes blooms over stem growth. Poor soil nutrients contribute to low blossom output, if any grow at all. Additionally, soils that waterlog the roots also contribute to root rot and blossoming problems; Barrel Cacti cannot live for very long in wet soil conditions.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
Euphorbia is a very large genus of plants, with over 2,000 species. About 1,200 of them are succulents, some with bizarre shapes and wide fleshy leaves and others that look remarkably like cacti, complete with spines. Among the the non-succulent deciduous Euphorbia plants are shrubs, annuals, and perennials like milkweed and the popular holiday plant, Poinsettia. Euphorbias are popular as popular for their structural intrigue as for their drought tolerance. Use the tall angular varieties for focal points and the floppy or chain-like species to spill over containers or walls. Many succulents have infrequent or inconsequential blooms, but Euphorbias will provide color in dry gardens for long periods of time. Mixing them with groupings of Senecio and Agave will create a garden full of texture and leaves of gray, blue, yellow and deep green. Euphorbias are very easy to care for. They require a little pampering to become established, but once they are, they are self-sufficient. In fact, more die from too much care and watering than from neglect.
Growing Conditions Soil: Euphorbias need well-draining soil and lots of sunlight. They are not particular about soil pH, but they cannot tolerant wet soil. Water: Unlike most succulents, Euphorbia does not handle long periods of drought well. It may need weekly watering during the summer. Water whenever the soil is dry several inches below the surface. Water deeply, but don’t let them sit in wet soil, which can cause root rot. Feeding: Add some organic matter or fertilizer to the planting hole. If you are growing them in containers or your soil is poor, feed with a half-strength fertilizer monthly.
Propagating Euphorbia can be grown from seed, but they can be difficult to germinate (or even find). It is usually propagated by cuttings. This can be tricky, because of the exuding sap. Rooting hormone is recommended with Euphorbias.
Pests and Problems Euphorbia plants tend to grow problem free, but there are a few pests and diseases to be alert for: Mealy Bugs and Spider Mites are the most common pests. Catching them early is your pest chance for controlling them. Root Rot was mentioned above. It is only a problem when plants are allowed to sit in wet soil. Powdery Mildew – Although Euphorbia like humidity, they also need good air circulation or they will be susceptible to mildews. Try correcting the cultural conditions first, because strong fungicides can harm leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
The Mammillaria genus is generally found in the southwest United States and Mexico, with some spread into the Caribbean. This huge genus of plants contains at least 275 species of highly variable form, and thus are highly prized among collectors. Mammillaria are common cacti at shows, as well as ordinary garden centers, both for their appearance and their desirable traits in cultivation. Although this genus does include some very difficult plants to maintain, the most common ones are usually very easy and will stay small enough and grow slow enough to provide years of enjoyment. When they do flower, many species flower with a “crown” of flowers that surrounds the top of the plant like a wreath.
Growing Conditions Light: Mammillaria species appreciate strong light, but many species dislike more than four hours of direct summer sunlight. Provide bright, even light for the best results. Water: Allow the soil mix to become nearly dry between waterings, but then water thoroughly. Immaculate drainage is essential, so never let the pots sit in water. Suspend watering in the winter, but mist occasionally. Soil: A rich, fast-draining cactus mix is ideal. Fertilizer: During the growing season, fertilize with a cacti fertilizer mix. Suspend feeding during the dormant winter period.
Propagation Mammillaria cacti can be propagated easily from offsets, which readily form in clusters around the base of the mother plant. To propagate, carefully remove the offset and allow the cut to dry on a paper towel for a few days. Depending on the size of the cut area, a callous will form over the cut surface. Once the callous has formed, place the new plant in a pot with a potting soil mixture and keep in a warm place until new roots emerge. Once the plant is established, repot it into a regular container.
Repotting Repot as needed, preferably during the warm season. To repot a cacti, make sure the soil is dry before repotting, then gently remove the pot. Knock away the old soil from the roots, making sure to remove any rotted or dead roots in the process. Treat any cuts with a fungicide. Place the plant in its new pot and backfill with potting soil, spreading the roots out as you repot. Leave the plant dry for a week or so, then begin to water lightly to reduce the risk of root rot.
Grower’s Tips If you can grow cacti and succulents successfully, you can likely grow the popular Mammillaria without too much trouble. To encourage better flowering, allow the plants to enjoy a cooling period in the winter and suspend watering. Unlike many other cacti, which use their ribs as storage devices, the Mammillaria feature raised tubercles, from which spines emerge. When you water, the tubercles will expand to allow for increased water storage. The flowers emerge from the axils of these tubercles on the previous year’s growth, which accounts for their interesting halo effect. It’s imperative that the cactus is not exposed to prolonged dampness and sitting water. Never let your cactus sit in a dish of water. Lastly, make sure to fertilizer during the growing season for the best results.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
The genus Kalanchoe includes more than 100 plants, but only a few are regularly seen in cultivation. Kalanchoes are native to arid areas, and they are popular succulents. Modern hybrids are valued for their interesting leaf-forms or for their flowers. Flowering Kalanchoes are available in red, pink, yellow, or white. Like many succulents, these are not difficult plants to grow, providing you are careful with the water, especially in the winter.
Growing Conditions Light: They prefer bright, sunny locations, especially in the summer growing season. During the winter, consider a south-facing window. Water: Water moderately throughout the summer and reduce watering in the winter. Let the soil surface dry out between waterings, and in the winter, the plant can almost dry out. Watch the fleshy leaves for signs of water distress. Temperature: They prefer warmth. Do not let fall below 55ºF (12.7ºC). Soil: An ordinary potting soil mix is fine. Fertilizer: Feed bi-weekly in the summer with a liquid fertilizer, or use slow-release pellets.
Propagation Many kinds of Kalanchoe will produce tiny plantlets along the leaf margins that can be individually potted up. These types include The Air Plant (K. pinnata) and K. beharensis. The more popular K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii can be propagated by leaf cutting or tip.
Grower’s Tips Kalanchoes are not particularly hard to grow, and the flowering varieties (K. blossfeldiana) are highly rewarding for their colorful and long-lasting flowers. Many people discard the plants after the bloom is over, but this isn’t really necessary. Simply cut off the flowering head, let the plant rest with reduced water, and resume its normal care. It should flower naturally in spring. Professional growers force Kalanchoes to bloom throughout the year (they are a short-day plant). The two pendant Kalanchoes make excellent hanging plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年09月21日
Dummer. ゛☀
Graptopetalum is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. They are perennial succulent plants and native to Mexico and Arizona. Their leaves vary in colour from silver-grey to pink to waxy green, and are often speckled. They all have thick leaves forming rosettes with star-shaped flowers from white to pink on long stems. All require lots of sun to look their best. They are similar looking to Echeverias, although they are generally considered closer to Sedums.
Growing Conditions The rules for Graptopetalums care are similar to those for most succulents. Container-bound plants thrive in a mixture of peat, sand or other grit, topsoil and a little bit of compost. Full sun is the best situation but they will also grow in partial sun with slightly rangy results. Graptopetalums need excellent drainage and moderate water. You can tell when to water by sticking your finger in the soil. If it is dry several inches down or the fleshy leaves are looking shriveled, you should water. Overwatering is a cause of root rots and the plant can get several pest infestations.
Propagation The Graptopetalums are generally easy to propagate, by seeds, leaf cuttings or offsets. Any rosette that breaks off has the potential to root and start a new plant. Even a leaf that drops off will root below the parent plant and produce a new rosette quickly. The new plant feeds off the leaf until it shrivels up and falls off. By then the new little ghost plant has rooted and sprouted new leaves.
Grower’s Tips Summer growers. Graptopetalums require gritty porous soil with excellent drainage. Water regularly over the summer months letting the soil dry out between waterings. Minimal water is required over winter. Fertlize once during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer diluted to ¼ strength. All do best in sun or part sun excluding Graptopetalum bellum which prefers light shade.
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